Term
|
Definition
| A set of abstract concepts together with propositions about how those constructs are related to one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abstract theoretical concept |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| experiment in which participants are not randomly allocated to the different experimental conditions |
|
|
Term
| true randomized experiment |
|
Definition
| experiment in which participants are allocated to the different conditions of the experiment on a random basis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of allocating participants to groups so that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to each group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| true randomized experiment conducted in a natural setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research strategy involving a sample of respondents selected as representatives of the population from which they are drawn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of selecting a subset of members of a population with a view to describing the population from which they are taken |
|
|
Term
| simple random sample (most basic form of probabilistic sampling) |
|
Definition
| sample in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected and in which the selection of every possible combination of the desired number of members is equally likely |
|
|
Term
| quota sample (most common form of a non-probabilistc sample) |
|
Definition
| a sample that fills certain prespecified quotas and thereby reflects certain attributes of the population (sex; age) that are thought to be important to the issue being researched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family of methods for analysing talk and texts, with the goal of revealing how people make sense of their everyday life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the use of multiple methods and measure to research a given issue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 'package' within which an experiment is presented to participants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accomplice/assistant of the researcher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way in which a theoretical construct is turned into a measurable dependent variable or a manipulable independent variable in a particular study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of the effectiveness of the independent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| explaining the purpose of experiment to the participant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a research design in which observations are made on a group after some event has occurred or some manipulation has been introduced |
|
|
Term
| post-test only control group design |
|
Definition
| one group is exosed to the independent variable (experimental group) the other (control group) is not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two or more independent variables are manipulated within the same designt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seperate effects of each independent variable in a factorial experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combination of two (or more) variables in a factorial experiment yields an effect that differs from the sum of the main effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable that mediates the relationship between two other variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure is valid to the extent that it measures precisely what is supposed to measure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| validity of the inference that changes in the independent variable result in changes in the dependent variable |
|
|
Term
| experimental confound (p. 43) |
|
Definition
| when an independent variable incorporates two or more potentially seperable components it is a confound variable. confounded variables seriously compromise the reseracher's ability to draw causal inferences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| validity of the assumption that independent and dependent variables adequately capture the abstract variables (constructs) they are supposed to represent |
|
|
Term
| 3 main types of threat to the construct validity of dependent variables |
|
Definition
| Social desirability, demand characteristics and experimenter expectancy effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resarch participants are likely to want to be seen in a positive light and may therefore adjust their responses or behavior in order to avoid being negatively evaluated |
|
|
Term
| experimenter expectancy effects |
|
Definition
| effects produced by the experimenter (unintentionally) that increase the likelihood that participants will confirm the experimenter's hypothesis |
|
|
Term
| post-experimental enquiry |
|
Definition
| participant is carfully interviewed after participation in an experiment, the object being to assess perceptions of the purpose of the experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures that the participant is not aware of and which therefore cannot influence his or her behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a false but supposedly plausible explanation of the purpose of an experiment; the intention is to limit the operation of demand characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the generalizability of research findings to settings and population that differ from those involved in the research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| techniques for statistically integrating results of independent studies of a given phenomenon - finding relationships reliable across cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which a measure is free from measurement error; a measure is reliable if it yields the same result on more than one occasion or when used by different individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| method of observation in which the researcher studies the target group or community from within, making careful records of what he or she observes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurement procedure is reactive if it alters the nature of what is being observed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures of constructs such as attitudes that are unobtrusively assessed so that participants are unaware of what is being assessed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| established by showing that different measures of the same construct (e.g. self-report, implicit, observation) are significantly associated with each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interdisciplinary field devoted to understanding how biological systems implement social processes and behavior |
|
|
