Term
| Potentional group performance (Group potential) |
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Definition
| The performance that would have occurred if the members of a group had worked independently of each other and not as a group; a common benchmark to evaluate actual group performance |
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Term
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Definition
| Group tasts are distinguished depending on whether the task is divisible between group members, whether the quality or quantity of the output is releveant, and how individual contributions are related to the group's performance |
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Term
| Leader in the field: Ivan D. Steiner |
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Definition
| Dimensions of group tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| Generating as many ideas as possible on a given topic in a group |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes the situation when the correct solution to a rpblem, once it is found, is immediately recognized as being correct by group members |
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Term
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Definition
| Describe the diminished performance of a group if it fails to coordinate the contributions of its individual members in an optimal manner |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes the finding that in physical tasks such as weight pulling, the average performance of individual group members decreases with increasing group size |
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Term
| Leader in the field: Max Ringelmann |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A number of individuals who perform a task individually and work independently of each other; nominal groups are used to determine the potential performance of groups |
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Term
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Definition
| A process loss typical of brainstorming tasks in face-to-face groups; since in a group only one person can speak at a time, the other group members cannot express their own ideas at the same time |
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Term
| Motivation losses and gains |
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Definition
| Decreases or increases in group members' motivation to contribute to group task performance |
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Term
| Motavitation loss: Social loafing |
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Definition
| A motivation loss in groups that occurs when group members reduce their effort due to the fact that individual contributions to group performance are not identifiable |
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Term
| Motivation loss: Dispensability effect |
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Definition
| A reduction in group members' task-related effort because their individual contribtuion seems to have little impact on group performance |
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Term
| Motivation loss: Sucker effect |
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Definition
| A motivation loss in groups that occurs when group members perceive or anticipate that other group members will lower their effort: to avoid being exploited, they reduce their effort themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| Additive, disjunctive, conjunctive |
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Term
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Definition
| sum of member's individual performance |
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Term
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Definition
| Best member's individual performance |
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Term
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Definition
| Weakest member's individual performance |
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Term
| Leader in the field: Norbert Kerr |
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Definition
| Work on group decision-making and group performance |
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Term
| Motivation gain: Social competition |
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Definition
| A motivation gain in groups that occurs if the group members want to outperform each other during group tasks in which the individual contributions are identifiable |
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Term
| Motivation gain: Social compensation |
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Definition
| A motivation gain in groups that occurs if stronger group members increase their effort in order to compensate for weaker members' suboptimal performance |
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Term
| Motivation gain: Köhler effect |
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Definition
| A motivation gain in groups which involves weaker group members working harder than they would do individually in order to avoid being responsible for a weak group performance |
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Term
| Individual capability gains and losses |
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Definition
| Improvements or impairments in individual group member's ability to successfully perform a task due to social interaction within the group |
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Term
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Definition
| A capability loss in group tasks that involve idea generation, which occurs when an idea mentioned by another group member makes people focus on the particular category this idea belongs to, at the expense of generating ideas from other categories |
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Term
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Definition
| A capability gain in group tasks that involve idea generation, which occurs when an idea mentioned by another group member stimulates a cognitive category one would otherwise not have thought of |
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Term
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Definition
| Specifies how certain characteristics are distributed within a group |
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Term
| Group performance management |
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Definition
| The sum of activities aimed at maximizing (or improving) the group-specific component of group performance |
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Term
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Definition
| A group decision situation in which information is distributed among group members such that no individual group member can detect the best solution based on his or her own information |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of activities aimed at optimizing the collaborative generation, modification and integration of individual contributions in a group |
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Term
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Definition
| A generic term for several learning processes that can only occur if several people work interactively on the same task |
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Term
| Individual-to-individual transfer |
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Definition
| Individual learning processes whereby a group member's ability to perform a task on its own improves as a result of repeated individual task performance |
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Term
| Group-to-individual transfer |
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Definition
| A group learning process whereby a group member's ability to perform a task alone improves as a result of social interaction between group members during repeatedly collective task performance |
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Term
| Group-to-individual-in-group-transfer |
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Definition
| A group learning process whereby a group member's ability to perform a task within groups improves as a result of social interaction between group members during repeated collective task performance |
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Term
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Definition
| A group learning process whereby a particular group's capability to perform a group task improves as result of social interaction between its group members during repeated collective task performance |
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