Term
| How many people are in the world? |
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Definition
| 7 billion- 8 billion on October 31st |
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Term
| Three Demographic Processes |
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Definition
| Fertility, Mortality, Migration |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of the size, composition, and spatial distribution of human populations; and the changes that occur in these phenomena through the processes of fertility, morality, and migration. |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenomenon whose value varies from case to case and is empirically quantifiable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discovered that there is a constant sex ratio of 105 to 107 males born per 100 females, which he believed was proof of the diving working in this world. (founding fathers of geometry) |
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Term
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Definition
1. More males are born than females.
2. Females live longer than males.
3. The first to attempt to construct a Life Table.
4. First to recognize the phenomenon of rural to urban migration, and it's importance in London. |
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Term
| What will be the result of high SRBs in China? |
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Definition
| Starting around the year 2015, there won't be enough Chinese brides for Chinese boys to marry. |
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Term
| If the boys don't marry what may happen? |
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Definition
| Increased prostitution, bachelor ghettos, banditry, spread of HIV (could be a possible epidemic). |
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Term
| Future of the catholic church? |
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Definition
| Will have to increasingly rely on youth since the future of the church is in developing countries, not Europe. |
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Term
| Five reasons as to why the study of Demography is so important. |
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Definition
1. Greatest demographic upheavel in human history.
2. Spectacular gains in life expectancy.
3. Below replacement fertility.
4. Unbalanced sex ratios at birth.
5. Population ageing. |
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Term
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Definition
The total process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic, and social data pertaining to all persons in a country or delimited territory.
-Has been occurring since 1790. |
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Term
| Recommendation for a national census. |
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Definition
1. Sponsorship by national government.
2. Defined territory.
3. Universality- include everyone on either de jure or de facto basis.
4. Simultaneously- a fixed day, hour, and moment becomes the chronological dividing line for inclusion or exclusion.
5. Individual Units are counted- not groups.
6. Compilation and publication of the data must occur.
7. Defined periodicity- conduct the census in a year as close to possible to one ending in "0". |
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Term
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Definition
| the enumeration classifies each person according to his or her normal place of residence. |
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Term
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Definition
| the enumeration classifies each person according to his or her geographical location on the day of the census undertaking. |
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Term
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Definition
| Errors of coverage, errors of classification, errors of processing (doesn't really happen anymore) |
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Term
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Definition
| DA- produces estimates of the population from sources that are external and independent of the census. |
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Term
| Current Population Survey |
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Definition
| Monthly, nationwide, collected for labor force data, 57,000 households each month, sample of US population |
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Term
| World Fertility Survey 1972-1984 |
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Definition
| 330,000 women representing 41 developing countries and 20 developed countries; about 40% of the population. |
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Term
| Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) |
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Definition
| useful for informed policy choices and expand health data base |
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Term
| American Community Survey |
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Definition
a large continuous demographic survey, administered to around 3 million addresses per year.
-characteristics of population and housing
-not a population count
-eliminates long form on Census
-cost saving
-collected continuously throughout the year |
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Term
| American Community Survey Characteristics |
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Definition
| Social, Economic, Housing, Demographic |
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Term
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Definition
-takes 10 minutes
-10 questions
-1-4 are about the household
-5-10 are about each person (race, age, sex, ownership) |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest units of data tabulation, cover the entire nation, generally bounded by visible features and legal boundaries, about 100 people in size |
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Term
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Definition
| sharing the same first digit, smallest area for which sample data is available, 1,500 people |
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Term
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Definition
made up of a county or countries, contain large population nucleus, high socioeconomic integration.
-50,000 or more people |
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Term
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Definition
an urban cluster with between 10,000 and 49,999 people
-10% of the nation's population
-573 in US |
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Term
| For a woman to replace herself: |
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Definition
| she has to have 2.1 babies so that she can be a woman who can reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
the time required for a population to double if the current rate of growth continues. (69.3/growth rate) x 100
-Niger will double in 19 years (super fast) |
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Term
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Definition
If the growth rate is negative, the result is the number of years it will take for the population to be half as large.
World's: 1.2% growth rate
58 years doubling time |
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Term
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Definition
| (Crude Birth Rate- Crude Death Rate)/100 |
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Term
Why would growth in the world be so slow early on?
Why is it increasing so rapidly? |
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Definition
-life expectancy was super low (10-20 years)
-decline in death rate and increase in mortality |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of Births/Population x 1000 |
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Term
| Theory of Demographic Transition |
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Definition
-Emphasizes the importance of economic and social development
-decline in mortality, decline in fertility
-Phase 1: high BR, high DR
-Phase 2: Declining BR and DR
-Phase 3: BR approaching replacement
-Phase 4: low BR, low DR |
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Term
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Definition
| the darker the color the highest the percentage |
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Term
| Racial Ethnic changes in Texas |
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Definition
-The dramatic increase in Texas in the Hispanic population
-Between 2030 and 2040 Hispanics will be the majority race/ethnic group in Texas
-Right now there is no majority race/ethnic group in Texas |
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Term
| Aspects of Human Society that vary by Age and Sex- Demographic |
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Definition
| Being sick and having restricted activities, dying, being sexually active, having a baby, moving or migrating |
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Term
| Aspects of Human Society that vary by Age and Sex- Social |
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Definition
| getting married/divorce/remarried, being involved in religious organizations and activity, being involved in political organizations and activity, school enrollment, level of educational attainment, being involved in criminal behavior |
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Term
| Aspects of Human Society that vary by Age and Sex- Economic |
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Definition
| Being in the labor force, occupation in the labor force, current income, level of accumulated wealth |
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Term
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Definition
| a population with 35% or more of its people under age 15 (developing countries is young- Africa) |
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Term
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Definition
| a population with 12% or more of its people aged 65 or older (Europe has an old population) |
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Term
| Three ways to quantify age structure |
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Definition
1. Average age of population
2. Dependency ratio
3. Growth rates by age |
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Term
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Definition
195- according the US
missing one- Taiwan- b/c China replaced Taiwan but it is a country, THUS 196 TOTAL |
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Term
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Definition
the ratio of the dependent age population (both young and old) to the working-age population (15-64)
-the higher the ratio, the more people each worker has to support
-the lower the DR the fewer the number of dependents |
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Term
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Definition
-the fastest growing segment of older populations in the U.S.
-chance to meet one is 1 in 6,000 in the US
-1 in 70,000 in China |
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Term
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Definition
Mortality- females have lower death rates than males
Fertility- more males born than females
Migration- in some cases, males are more likely to migrate, and in others, females are more likely to migrate |
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Term
| Five Biological Definitions |
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Definition
1. Chromosome (XX XY)
2. Gonads (testes, ovaries)
3. Hormones (androgen, estrogen)
4. Internal Sex Organs (uterus, prostate)
5. External sex organs (penis, vagina) |
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Term
| Three Social Definitions of Sex |
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Definition
1. Rearing (It's a Boy/Girl!)
2. Identity (form- check boy or girl)
3. Gender Roles (Masculine, Feminine) |
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Term
| Intersexed Persons Examples |
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Definition
Turner's Syndrome (XO)
Klinefelter's Syndrome (XXY)
Jacob's Syndrome (XYY)
Androgren Insensitivity Syndrome (XY)
Andrenogenital Syndrome (XX) |
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Term
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Definition
Principle measure of sex composition used in demography and technical studies.
Usually defined as the number of males per 100 females.
-A sex ratio above 100 indicates an excess of males and one below 100 indicates an excess of females.
-male/female=SR
-low= below 90
-high= above 105 |
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Term
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Definition
A graphic picture of the entire population by age and sex. It is a graph of age data vertically arranged in age groups from the bottom to the top.
-males are on left, females on right |
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Term
| Characteristics of a Pop. pyramid |
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Definition
-A sharply triangular shape to the pyramid represents a rapidly growing population and a high birth rate.
-When each horizontal bar in the lower part of the graph is distinctly shorter than the ones above it will ususally indicate a higher than average child mortality, or lower fertility.
-A graph in which all the bars up to the age of 60 or so are about the same size indicates a somewhat stable population, one with low BR and DR |
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Term
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Definition
1. Essentialism- major paradigm
2. Social Constructionism- more common in sociology |
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Term
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Definition
the most widespread view- sexuality is treated as analogous to similar views of race or sex, where biology is usually the driving force.
- Binary- every person was either a heterosexual or a homosexual |
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Term
| 3 questions for sexuality |
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Definition
1. Self- Identification
2. Behavior
3. Desire |
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Term
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Definition
argued essentialism
-Kinsey Scale- ranks overall sexuality from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual with everything in between. |
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Term
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Definition
-usually involves a description and critique of essentialism
-examines implicit assumptions of our thinking about sexual preferences and orientations, and questions their universality.
-it questions whether or not it was universal
-change over time and vary across societies |
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Term
| Chinese Health and Family Life Survey/National Survey of Family Growth |
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Definition
| asked questions pertaining to desire, identification, behavior, homo/heterosexuality. |
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Term
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Definition
an asexual condition; the absence of sex; without sexuality
-don't have exact questions on research -no sex, something else, not sure |
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Term
| Heaping Index Interpretation |
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Definition
| interpreting partner count data |
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Term
| Dynasties in China to report homosexuality |
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Definition
Half eaten peach- Zhou Dynasty
The Story of Lung-yang- Zhou Dynasty
The cut sleeve-Han Dynasty (ruled by bisexuals) |
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Term
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Definition
| (number of Gay households/number of partnered households)* 1000 |
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Term
| Micro/Metro Areas and Gays and Lesbians |
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Definition
| Gays are in metro areas while Lesbians are in micro areas |
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Term
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Definition
| (number of gay partners/number of never married males 18+)*1000 |
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Term
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Definition
Only about 1/3 of the earth's land is permanently inhabited.
-Texas and China and US are inhabited more on the east than the west |
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Term
| Top most populous countries |
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Definition
| China, India, United States, and Indonesia |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of persons per a square mile or kilometer |
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Term
| Physiological measure of population density |
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Definition
| calculated by dividing the number of persons in the country by the country's quantity of arable land |
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Term
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Definition
-fertility is higher in rural than in urban areas
-education attainment is lower in rural areas
-rural/urban differences have been reduced due t the pervasiveness of the modern media and rapid communication. |
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Term
| 3 things that develop urbanization |
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Definition
1. surplus of farm products
2. a means of transporting these products to the urban area
3. a sufficiently developed technology in the urban areas to use the farm products and to provide employment for the urban dweller |
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Term
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Definition
| the percent of a region's population living in an urban area |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase in the number of people living in urban areas |
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Term
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Definition
| measured by 1. per capita income and 2. per capita energy consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| any densely populated social and economic entity encompassing two or more large cities and the increasingly urbanized space between them. (megaregion) |
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Term
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Definition
Houston, San Antonio, Dallas
-one of the 11 megaregions in the US |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in some downtown areas and gay gentrification has also been prominent in some cities |
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