Term
|
Definition
the conditions or contexts in which people grow, age and live, including the medical system
- related to health equity |
|
|
Term
| WHO's ideas on the social determinants of health (5 points) |
|
Definition
1. equity
2. healthy places
- housing, water, safe environments, people live in slums.
3. fair employment and decent work
- unionization, safety, full-time and permanent employment is impt. more people have part time now
4. social protection throughout life
- social security, welfare
5. universal health care
- timely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- level of income
*any flow of earnings
-education
* educational attainment (formation)
- occupational status
*prestige, security |
|
|
Term
| political economy of health/illness/medicine perspective |
|
Definition
| who has access to what? what are risk factors for getting illness? how social conditions effect the individual's health. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- risk factors understood in context
ex: HIV/AIDS reduction: maybe survival sex work is the issue
ex: health and food. maybe its not that they choose poor diets, but that they dont have good diets to begin with.
ex: proximate vs. distal causes |
|
|
Term
| Canada and SDOH (critiques) |
|
Definition
leads SDOH perspective, not not necessarily implementation
- child and family poverty in canada
- discrimination against aboriginals
- lack of housing and poverty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
biomedicine emphasis is not enough for health
-acknowledged health inequalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- same as lalonde but for britain
- was pretty much shelved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - more evidence for health and social links in inequalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- canadian health follow up on lalonde
*self care
*mutual aid (welfare, etc.)
*healthy environments (less pollution) |
|
|
Term
| ottawa charter for health promotion (5) |
|
Definition
- in 1986
- was to ensure health for all by 2000
* public policy
* environments
*community actions
*personal skills
*reorient health services |
|
|
Term
| equality vs. disparity vs. inequity |
|
Definition
| same thing, difference deemed unfair (usually human rights) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absence of systemic disparities in health between groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- health differences between constructed groups
- must be judged if they are preventable or not
- SES health gradient. health vs. SES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
UK: first tudy of the SES/health gradient
- used mortality
- increased mortality rates due to all causes
- persistent trend, even with individual factors controlled for
whitehall 2
- what are the smaller parts of SES that influence these gradients
- higher prestige, job security, can take vacations = better health |
|
|
Term
| measuring SES and healthcare |
|
Definition
- ER use is a great measure
- dont deal with problems until they are major issues
- no primary care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drives health differences |
|
|
Term
| rural vs. urban.... which has more inequality? |
|
Definition
urban centres
- differential access to infrastructure, resources, jobs, safe and affordable housing |
|
|
Term
| steeper income gradients for which type of health outcomes?? (3 examples) |
|
Definition
- those related to behaviour
ex:
lung cancer (smoking)
cirrohsis (alcoholism)
diseases of the digestive system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-immigrants are healthier when they arrived, and this deteriorates over time
*relocation, discrimination, jobs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| self-rated,chronic health is better with more education. |
|
|
Term
| costs of SES-health gradient |
|
Definition
| - higher costs (15% higher primary care costs, 73% more for hospitals) with lower SES |
|
|
Term
| explaining links b/w SES and health (2 types of explanations) |
|
Definition
individual level explanations
- health differentials are inevitable and deserved
neighbourhood level explanations
- SES location in urban area
- physical factors of env
- human built factors: housing, roads, sprawl (gentrification, less green space), hoods |
|
|
Term
| Black Report (and 4 explanations) |
|
Definition
- showed health gradient
1. artefactual: no actual differences
2. natural and social selection: inevitable relationship, genetic factors that create differences (they play a role but not determinative)
3. material/structuralist: economic factors and resources = health
4. cultural/behavioural: reduction to individual behaviours and lifestyles |
|
|
Term
| neo-materialist explanation for SES and health gradient, and critiques (3) |
|
Definition
material deprivation can reduce health.
but critiques are:
1. individual agency not accounted for
2. neighbourhood level, contextual effects
3. absolute vs. relative income inequality |
|
|
Term
| psychosocial explanation for SES and health gradient |
|
Definition
| - stress impacts health, causes physiological damage. |
|
|
Term
| engineering metaphor for psychosocial explanation of SES/health link |
|
Definition
| people are structure like a building (undergo stress over time, response to stress depends on material (genetics), but this can be added to (additional support).) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- hazardous jobs, poor food habits, income was even across the community. there was LOW health care
- showed the impact of relative/absolute poverty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depends on income equality in a neighbourhood. can be influenced by perceptions of relative rank, social distance and control |
|
|
Term
| an indicator of past success in coping with environment |
|
Definition
| SES. can also be a potential source of self esteem and empowerment |
|
|
Term
| the 5 key environmental determinants of health |
|
Definition
air
water
land
food
biodiversity
*the first 3 impact the last 2 |
|
|
Term
| global and local environmental interaction |
|
Definition
| doixin from industry in Indiana, ends up in the arctic, concetrates in tissues (moves up food chain), can cause toxins in breast milk of women from Nunavut |
|
|
Term
| environmental hazards (what are they? important points of the 3) |
|
Definition
- account for 60-90% of cancers (epidemiological measures)
- behavioural disorders/birth defects
1. increase over last century
-industrialization and urbanization
2. ubiquitous nature
-arctic pollution
3. unequal distribution
- guyu china e-waste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cold environment locks in toxins. ie. antarctic PCPs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shipped off to a low SES community, usually racialized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an electronics company that makes products that last a lifetime |
|
|
Term
| air pollution (indoor vs. outdoor) |
|
Definition
- cause 3 million deaths per year
- indoors:
- cardiovasular/resp diseases
- radon: older buildings lock it in (SES selective). second most freq cause of lung cancer
outdoor air pollution:
- motor vehicles and industry are major causes |
|
|
Term
| common indoor air pollutants (3) |
|
Definition
| radon, asbestos, fluorocarbosn (salons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- headaches, migraines, minor symptoms
- spread across a lot of people
-indoor pollutants are locked into tightly sealed buildings
- can be spun by gender (idiots) |
|
|
Term
| clean air act vs clean air act 2 and environmental protection act |
|
Definition
| - we've gone backwards over time, less strict now than in the 1970s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- immune system suppression
- high rates of leukemia
- close to road: skin cancer |
|
|
Term
| pollution by industry (4) |
|
Definition
-methylmurcury is a neurotoxin
- doixins, DBFs, PCBs, mainly developmental effects
- pesticides: can also have neurotoxic effects. parkinsons type disorders. greenhouse workers, landscapers, farmers. less pesticides may result in more water use (crops could die)
-medical industry causes a lot of toxic waste. |
|
|
Term
| multiple chemical sensitivty (aka, 4 points) |
|
Definition
another word for environmental illness
- increasing # of cases
- happens cause of environmental contaminants
- can often be brushed off as individual causes, (delegitimized)
- american academy of environmental medicine. 15-20% allergic to chemicals in env. need to protect people to this. wimberly: community with no perfume use, low levels of environmental toxins. |
|
|
Term
| water (unclean, chemical pollution, exploitation) |
|
Definition
- linked to 2nd leading cause of death in low income countries: diaherreal diseases.
great lakes water pollution
-source of water for 40 mil people
- canada overuses water. more water than any country other than USA.
- industry accounts for 94% of water use
exploitation
- water dredging (net dragged across the bottom) and overfishing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
canadian waste and imported foreign waste
- landfills are in poor communities (ex: kirkland lake: shit dumped into old mines. toronto might be asked to dump things there rather than michigan)
- goes to low SES neighbourhood to make money (cycle of poor health) |
|
|
Term
| what happens when you make tight standards for dumping waste? |
|
Definition
| facilities close down and move elsewhere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - expired birth control drugs were given to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- issues with environmental pollution and food chain, antibiotics in animal food, hormones in animal food (GH), and bacteria.
- food-borne diseases: mad cow disease |
|
|
Term
| combined effects of air, water land pollution (3) |
|
Definition
- changes in primary requisites of life
- decline in biodiversity
- climate change and global warming
*excess CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Canada and Kyoto (2 critiques of canada) |
|
Definition
- shit disturber
- tar sands for oil prod results in deforestation and CO2
- northern gateway pipeline (transporting oil) |
|
|
Term
| 4 types of structural/social pathology shown by the enbridge pipeline |
|
Definition
1) historical - colonization and impacts on health on first nations people
2) electoral system - the first past the post system is inefficient, especially when people dont vote
3) nature of PM office - PMO has absolute power in this country.
4) corporate influence - personal responsibility is diffused,
cures:
1) work with first nations
2) reform electoral system
3) decentralize power of government
4) regulate power of the industry |
|
|
Term
| occupational diseases (asbestos) |
|
Definition
- large increase in recent 20 years
- asbestos related disease: 72% of incidents in work related death (happens to older people 65+)
-latency effect & difficulty in proving causation |
|
|
Term
| profit vs. health (workers bodies) |
|
Definition
| - free trade: loosening of standards, and fears related to job loss make people more likely to be exploited |
|
|
Term
| difficulties with causal connections for occupational health |
|
Definition
-environmental complexity (measurement)
- latency (late onset of complications)
- lack of independent research on these connections (who funds research?) |
|
|
Term
| bhopal health disaster (1984) |
|
Definition
-explosion at a plant
- 40 tonnes of lethal methyl isocynate gas
-surrounding slums affected the worst
- low training with chemicals
- no precautions, plans for dealing with disaster
-3000 people died
- 100,000 people were injured (as acknowledged by the company)
-layer effects: next generation born with defects
- case closed in US
- very difficult to engage in lawsuits if you're poor
-worked for polysar. dumped waste close by the first nation reserve. he drove a tanker of toxic chemicals to the dump. |
|
|
Term
| sarnia disaster (ongoing) |
|
Definition
- petrochemical plants and oil springs
- production took off during WW2
- sunoco, shell, etc.
- oil, plastics, paint, rubber, textiles produced.
- esbestos has been used to line pipes in these plants.
- in 2007 there was an explosion: highest rates of mesothelioma in the world.
- her dad started working there at a young age. the only criteria were physical. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mesothelioma
- cancer of the lining of the lungs and heart |
|
|
Term
| sex vs. gender vs. sexuality |
|
Definition
| male/female (biology) vs. men/women (social roles, relative power) vs. social, cultural, biological combination that refers to behaviours that are supposed to produce arousal. |
|
|
Term
| sexual orientation vs. preference |
|
Definition
| given vs. choice you make |
|
|
Term
| heteronormativity vs. heterosexism |
|
Definition
| assuming hetero is what is the baseline vs. discrimination if you are not heterosexual |
|
|
Term
| essentialism vs. social constructionism |
|
Definition
there is an essence of male/femaleness. health outcome differences are inevitable
vs.
gender norms and socialization create health disparities over the life course, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
your gender is learned
- depends on responses from other people |
|
|
Term
| critical approaches of social constructionism (3) |
|
Definition
- scientific evidence
- crosscultural evidence
-interdisciplinary research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is often labelled as a biomedical syndrome:
- there are only 2 real sexes
- only certain gender behaviours are appropriate for each sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amplification (men work out)
vs.
suppression (women better systems but social factors keep them down) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more men have them, but women are getting them |
|
|
Term
| female biolgoical advantages (2) |
|
Definition
1) more estrogen: better circulation
2) better immune systems |
|
|
Term
| second shift, third shift |
|
Definition
| coming home from work to do houseowrk, emotional work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| men arent entering housework as fast as women are entering paid work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- direct violence
- individual psychology (ex. internalized homophobia)
- access |
|
|
Term
| problems with access and how to make better (3,2) |
|
Definition
1) discrimination and substandard treatment
2) forced to shop around for providers
3) avoid traditional healthcare.
make it better:
1. education for medical students
2. improved services
3. cultural relevancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
two spiritedness: new mexico
hijra/khusra: india |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - poor women, women of colour, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abstain, be faithful, condoms
* this doesnt work during transactional sex: survival sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
includes acknowledges forms of suffering: hunger, rape, torture and AIDS are put on poor and powerless in the world.
- education about risks may not equal better health (lack of social/economic resources) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people act in behaviours that reflect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cannot participate fully in canadian life
- interpersonal or institutionalized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - both socially constructed, but definition of ethnicity is looser |
|
|
Term
| unemployment rates for racialized (problems when employed) |
|
Definition
2-3x higher than average
-income discrimination
-underutilization of skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - as high as 30% poverty rates, unaffected by improvements in economy |
|
|
Term
| deepening rates of poverty |
|
Definition
| for racialized and aboriginals is true in Canada |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- can realize your own potential
- can cope with normal stresses of life
- can work productively and fruitfully
- can make a contribution to community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- promotion
- prevention
-treatment, rehabilitation and recovery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not necessarily a cure, but can mean that they get better over time |
|
|
Term
| mental health vs. mental disorder vs. mental illness |
|
Definition
| - "problems" taking away the medicalization vs. the last two are used for a medicalized terminology of the word |
|
|
Term
| 3 criteria for qualification of a mental disorder/illness |
|
Definition
1) changing abnormal behaviour/thinking,
2) significant level of distress,
3) impaired function |
|
|
Term
| health risks to racialized groups (5) |
|
Definition
- double digit income gap
-unemployment
- deepening levels of poverty
-differential access to housing
- institutionalized racism in healthcare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100 mil people died, 1/10 of aboriginal population remained, 26 infectious disease |
|
|
Term
| how many groups of aboriginals in canada? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| key elements of colonization (5) |
|
Definition
1) geographic incursion
2) social and cultural destruction
3) external political control and economic dependence
4) provision of low-quality social services
5) racist social interactions |
|
|
Term
| ongoing effects of colonization (4) |
|
Definition
1) dislocation - cut off from land and lifestyles
2) cultural and linguistic suppression and assimilation
-loss of 50+ groups into 3
3) industrial processes of degradation
- waste dumping on reserves
4) interpersonal and institutional racism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
department of indian and northern affairs,
1) prevented aboriginal self govt,
2) can suspend Indian Act
3) can veto band council decisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-geographic and social treatment of reserves
- soveirgnty claimed by colonizers
- aboriginals cant own land on reserves
- must work as labourers on their own land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- the richest person gains social status by giving away their belongings
- example of cultural destruction: was outlawed by colonizers |
|
|
Term
| patterns of health: aboriginals (3) |
|
Definition
1: mortality rate in 1980s was double canadian, now its close to even overall, but double for 15-45 year olds
2) infant mortality rates, higher
3) major causes of death are injury, accident, homicide, etc. |
|
|
Term
| gradual enfranchisement act |
|
Definition
the first treaty act to give power to non aboriginals coercively after colonization
- basically for them to have any social services they needed to give up indian status |
|
|
Term
| diseases that didnt exist before eurpean contact |
|
Definition
1) tubercolosis
- TB is in epidemic levels in some pupulations (10x) even though cures for it exist. common in poor places.
2) diabetes
diabetes - nonexisitent before 40s, now 2-5x higher than avg
- diabetes is often linked to a secondary illness)
-
3) HIV AIDS
- dramatic increase voer 2 decades
- is an epidemic, can become a leading cause of death if not stopped
-aboriginal women are susceptible to it cause of inequitable gender relations and survival sex work
other infectious dieases: pertussis, rubella, shigellosis |
|
|
Term
| unemployment rates for racialized (problems when employed) |
|
Definition
2-3x higher than average
-income discrimination
-underutilization of skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - as high as 30% poverty rates, unaffected by improvements in economy |
|
|
Term
| deepening rates of poverty |
|
Definition
| for racialized and aboriginals is true in Canada |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- can realize your own potential
- can cope with normal stresses of life
- can work productively and fruitfully
- can make a contribution to community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- promotion
- prevention
-treatment, rehabilitation and recovery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not necessarily a cure, but can mean that they get better over time |
|
|
Term
| mental health vs. mental disorder vs. mental illness |
|
Definition
| - "problems" taking away the medicalization vs. the last two are used for a medicalized terminology of the word |
|
|
Term
| 3 criteria for qualification of a mental disorder/illness |
|
Definition
1) changing abnormal behaviour/thinking,
2) significant level of distress,
3) impaired function |
|
|
Term
| health risks to racialized groups (5) |
|
Definition
- double digit income gap
-unemployment
- deepening levels of poverty
-differential access to housing
- institutionalized racism in healthcare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100 mil people died, 1/10 of aboriginal population remained, 26 infectious disease |
|
|
Term
| how many groups of aboriginals in canada? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| key elements of colonization (5) |
|
Definition
1) geographic incursion
2) social and cultural destruction
3) external political control and economic dependence
4) provision of low-quality social services
5) racist social interactions |
|
|
Term
| ongoing effects of colonization (4) |
|
Definition
1) dislocation - cut off from land and lifestyles
2) cultural and linguistic suppression and assimilation
-loss of 50+ groups into 3
3) industrial processes of degradation
- waste dumping on reserves
4) interpersonal and institutional racism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
department of indian and northern affairs,
1) prevented aboriginal self govt,
2) can suspend Indian Act
3) can veto band council decisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-geographic and social treatment of reserves
- soveirgnty claimed by colonizers
- aboriginals cant own land on reserves
- must work as labourers on their own land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- the richest person gains social status by giving away their belongings
- example of cultural destruction: was outlawed by colonizers |
|
|
Term
| patterns of health: aboriginals (3) |
|
Definition
1: mortality rate in 1980s was double canadian, now its close to even overall, but double for 15-45 year olds
2) infant mortality rates, higher
3) major causes of death are injury, accident, homicide, etc. |
|
|
Term
| gradual enfranchisement act |
|
Definition
| the first treaty act to give power to non aboriginals coercively after colonization |
|
|
Term
| diseases that didnt exist before eurpean contact (3 main, 3 secondary) |
|
Definition
1) tubercolosis
- TB is in epidemic levels in some pupulations (10x) even though cures for it exist. common in poor places.
2) diabetes
diabetes - nonexisitent before 40s, now 2-5x higher than avg
- diabetes is often linked to a secondary illness)
-
3) HIV AIDS
- dramatic increase voer 2 decades
- is an epidemic, can become a leading cause of death if not stopped
-aboriginal women are susceptible to it cause of inequitable gender relations and survival sex work
other infectious dieases: pertussis, rubella, shigellosis |
|
|
Term
| ICD and DSM current copies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DSM new contentious categories (2), old oontentious (2) |
|
Definition
hypersexualdisorder
temper disregulation
old
sexual arousal disorder
ADHD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NA culturally biased vs. more information, more internationally focused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - when people have elevated moods and decreased need for sleep |
|
|
Term
| why use standardized criteria for diseases? |
|
Definition
| classification and medical tracking (epidemiology) |
|
|
Term
| benefits vs. risks of pathologizing |
|
Definition
| give people access to support, gives stigma or label to the pathology. |
|
|
Term
| leading cause of disability across the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indirect vs. direct explanations for poverty & mental illness |
|
Definition
indirect association:
genetic or biological predisposition
(ex: schizophrenia)
direct - social causation:
- social experiences of poverty and liklehood of developing mental illness
-interaction b/w brain and biology
(ex: depression) |
|
|
Term
| recovery from MH issues is dependent on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| highest suicide in canada |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| world mental health is a function of two factors, dejarlais reading |
|
Definition
| economic and political welfare |
|
|
Term
| 3 frameworks for understanding mental distress |
|
Definition
- biomedical reductionist
-stress/diathesis
disposition + stessors = mental illness
biopsychosocial medol
- must acknowlege links between biological/genetic and social factors
- inclusive model for treatment approaches will succeed |
|
|
Term
| historical approaches to mental distress (4) |
|
Definition
18th century
- the great confinement, oscial warehouses
reform movements
-tkae and chiarugi started the retreat. make PWMD
- pinel: moral treatment and reeducation
- still had gendered representations of MH
19th century: emergence of medical model
-psychiatry: disease in the brain
20th cntury: age of therapies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the mad were kept, outside of cities, treated like zoo animals |
|
|
Term
| gender and MH intersection |
|
Definition
| - hysteria in women. madness was a natural state of women. insanity was represented as a woman. |
|
|
Term
| hippocrates and hysteria, women were depressed treatment, freud anxiety neuroses |
|
Definition
- uterus was travelling throughout the body have to get pregnant to cure this
- women were depressed then male doctors would stimulate them to orgasm
- freud: girl had guilt because she wasnt taking care of her father, explained depression |
|
|
Term
| why didnt pinel's method take off? (4) |
|
Definition
Conditions vary according to identity of inpatient
Lack of standardization or coordination
Theory of madness as hereditary
Cost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sigmund freud
-talking therapy: socialization process and ECE dissected. ideas of modelling what your parents do.
psychoactive drugs
- 1930s-1950s: frontal lobotomy
- interventions were gendered: more on women than on men
-in toronto in one year: 150 lobotomies, 110 were women.
- this was for depression:
psychoactive drugs |
|
|
Term
| critique of Freud (genderedness) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- for things that did not respond to talking cures
- benzodiapedenes
- could cause shaking, etc.
- gendered interactions:
probate miltown: mother's little helpers.
-post WW2 idealized womanhood and motherhood was so unrealistic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- one flew out the cookoo's nest
- response was to release large # of patients back into the community
-support networks and community organizations for deinstitiuationalized persons never marterialized (lots were homeless) |
|
|
Term
| tension in MH between drugs and community supports. |
|
Definition
- absolute lack of access in some parts of the world
- diminsihing access based on privitization of central health care services
-shift to user pays policies: |
|
|
Term
| global and societal structures and mental health (3) |
|
Definition
- organization and delivery of health/MH care
- globalization and ecominc restructing
unpredictable job market, cutbacks, essentials for life
*gendered effects: gender inequality worsens with economic inequality
gendered discrimination and violence
psychological disorders linked to domestic abuse |
|
|
Term
| following rape, nearly 1 in 3 women develop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1_ indidivual
- therapy
-locus of control (bringing it back to them)
-medication
2. systemic
-urban/community planning
-community action
- variety of mental health and social service providers. collaborative and integrated approaches. |
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Term
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Definition
canada's equivalent to the poverty line
-percentage of the income devoted to basic neccesities
- 10.8% of income on food or shelter (low)
- poor if it is more than 20% of income |
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Term
| homelessness & housing insecurity |
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Definition
-its a spectrum
-absolutely homeless: no address, no place
-relatively homeless:
- housing insecure: no access to running water or high chance of getting evicted |
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Term
| problems with measuring homelessness |
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Definition
| - they get info from shelters in the summer when the people using it is less than total number of homeless |
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Term
| demographics of homelessness |
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Definition
- single women with families that you dont see on the street, they are in shelters
- increase in youth and families
-aboriginal people are largely overrepresented
- traditionally men |
|
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Term
| history of homelessness in vancouver (5) |
|
Definition
- aboringals were the first homeless, because of disease
- unemployment during great depression
- unemplyment and PTSD after WW2
- 1980s: unregulated development, gentrification, evictions (renovictions: evicted to give space to construction workers)
1990s: welfare retrenchment & widespread ongoing funding cuts |
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Term
| housing instability in canada (3) |
|
Definition
- canada is smallest social housing sector other than US in west
- most private sector dominated housing system in the world
-unemplyment and low paying jobs |
|
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Term
| indvidual risk factors for homelessness (5) |
|
Definition
History of physical and/or sexual abuse
Unemployed or underemployed
Marginalized groups
Immigrants and elderly persons
- cause of cuts to welfare
Health crisis or family breakdown
- relevant in the states (expensive health problem) |
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Term
| common health problems for homeless (6) |
|
Definition
- seizures, CPD, arthritis, muscoskeletal diseases, diabetes
respiratory tract infections, TB
skin & foot problems
lots of time with wet feet
STIs, HIV/AIDS, Hep C
substance use/self medication
violence & unintentional injuries
Dual/Multiple Diagnoses: mental illness, HIV/AIDS & substance use (alcohol, polysubstance use)
- complex issues |
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Term
| homelessness and health care systems (2) |
|
Definition
1. lack of access to preventative/primary care:
-less people
-healthcare provider discrimination
- ID< insurance, coverage
-mental health and substance use issues
2. non-compliance
-not being able to store/timing of pharmaceuticals
- cost of pharmaceuticals
-daily survival needs (care more about short term issues) |
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Term
| floating support models (2) |
|
Definition
1. assertive community treatment (ACT)
usually for people with severe mental illness. homeless people are given social workers who go and look for them, work to make sure they are ok
2. street nursing
- sometimes its difficult to find healthcare
-give vaccinations and basic health services |
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Term
|
Definition
| - give people place to live first because of how essential it is to other aspects of life |
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Term
|
Definition
| giving clean needles, etc |
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Term
|
Definition
for two spirited aboriginals:
local term vs. offensive term |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cross cultural examples of third genders |
|
|
Term
| recommendations from turnbull (2) |
|
Definition
- homelessness needs govt funding (social problem)
- evidence based programs need to be funded |
|
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Term
| elements of street nursing (3) |
|
Definition
- harm reduction
safe needles, etc
- education
online cruising sites for gay men
- projects
health fairs, pap tests |
|
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Term
| marshall paper: safe injection facilities and rates of overdose and HIV/AIDS |
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Definition
| bring down those rates within a 500m radius of the facility |
|
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Term
| feinberg recommendations for trans health access improvement |
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Definition
1) stop checkboxes, move to ocntinuum
2) put more trans people in decision making positions
3) working together to come to solutions (community care, immediate treatment) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
talks about asbestos related mesophileoma
-secodnary victims: housewives who cleaned the clothes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- cancer disparities baces on race ehtnicity and SES
- but most of the solutions proposed are downstream or individualistic |
|
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Term
| health behaviours related to SES (3) |
|
Definition
-smoking (down with SES)
-physical activity (up with SES)
-alcohol (up with SES) |
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Term
|
Definition
| stigma by association to someone with a mental health issue |
|
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Term
| cumming health health anti-stigma campaign |
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Definition
| didnt work, was first one in canada |
|
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Term
| how to fight stigma 6 ways |
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Definition
programs have improve lives of PWMD
involved PWMD in program development
education modifies literacy not behavioural change
specific programs work best
accumulate small successes
build on previous knwoledge |
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