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Definition
| a generalized capacity to transform |
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| a pattern in which one woman is married to more than one man at a time (the rarest of the three marriage patterns) |
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| a permanent, inherited inequality between the various component groups of which the society is composed |
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| a situation in which the ideas and practices of one culture are imposed upon other cultures, which may be modified or eliminated as a result |
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| a status over which you have little control |
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| a status that you have worked for a/o earned |
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| all (adult) members of the society had roughly equal access to valued resources, both material and social |
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| an ethnographic monograph |
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| an individual who may be the one chosen by their fellows to deal with outsiders in ambiguous or threatening situations |
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| another major subfield of anthropology |
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| because of the elaborate division of labor and its hierarchical organization in stratified castes or classes |
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| by living side by side with people with an unfamiliar set of beliefs and practices for an extended period of time learning the local language |
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| can be defined as political conquest of one society by another, followed by social domination and cultural change |
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| can put a regime in power, but domination alone will not keep it in power |
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| categories devised by native speakers-informants |
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| categories devised by outside researchers |
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| certain repetitive social practices, many of which have nothing to do with religion |
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Definition
| composed of all those people who believe they can specify the parent-child links that connect then to one another through a common ancestor |
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| control achieved by using a constant public show of force unnecessary |
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Definition
| describe ranked subgroups in a stratified society whose members are differentiated from one another primarily in economic terms |
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| fieldworkers gain insight into another way of life by taking part as fully as they can in a groups social activities as well as by observing those activities as outsiders |
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| goods flow towards this central point and are then redistributed among members of a society according to their cultural norms of what is appropriate |
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| governed exchange in small, face-to-face societies, especially those whose members lived by foraging |
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| humans must life with others, they can not survive as lone individuals so we all must live in one of these |
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| hunting and gathering, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture |
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| in places where european settler colonies eventually broke from europe, as in north and south america, people imposed their culture on indigenous peoples with the borders of independent states |
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| international institutions like the World Bank and IMF urge individual nation-states to pursue their own economic self-interest in competition with one another |
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| make use of the same forms of subsistence and kinship as tribes, but new social arrangements show the emergence of distinctions among lineages in terms of status or ranking |
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| marriage pattern where one man is married to more than one woman at a time |
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| marrying out of one's social group |
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| members knowledge of each other does not come from regular face-to-face interactions but instead is based on their shared experiences with national institutions |
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| movement by individuals out of the subgroup in which they were born |
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| original affluent society |
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Definition
| not industrial capitalism but foraging |
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Definition
| one or more members of a society are ritually transformed from one kind of a social person into another |
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| ranges from the charisma of a religious prophet, to the formally proscribed but ubiquitous ability of weaker members of society to manipulate social rules to promote their own well-being |
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Definition
| referred to the culturally constructed roles assigned to makes or females, which varies considerably from society to society |
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Definition
| refers to individuals abilities to reflect systematically on taken-for-granted cultural practices to imagine alternatives, and to take independent actions to pursue goals of their own choosing |
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| sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society |
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| stratified societies in which membership in a particular ranked subgroup is ascribed at birth and social mobility is not allowed |
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| stratified societies with large populations and complex divisions of labor ordinarily are associated with the political form called: |
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| that states and nations should coincide |
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| the clusters of social statuses and groups that share such a common focus |
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| the comparative study of two or more ways of life |
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| the intensifying flow of capital, goods, people, images and ideas around the world |
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| the mixing and reconfiguring of elements from different culture traditions |
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| the name for each social position |
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| the oldest human societies we know about archaeology depended on foraging, and the egalitarian political form associated with this mode of subsistence |
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| the persisting relationships in absence of imperial political domination |
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| the result is a creative synthesis of old religious practices and new ones introduced from the outside, often by force |
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| the social processes through which children come to adopt the ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving considered appropriate for adults in their culture |
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| the use of physical force |
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| they are "big" because of their ability to use their personal persuasive skills to arrange complex regional public events that involve kin and neighbors |
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| they argued that poverty and "underdevelopment" were a consequence of capitalist colonial intervention in otherwise thriving independence societies, and not some original lowly state in which colonized territories had been languishing until the colonizers arrived |
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| they shrink gaps between rich and poor |
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| thought to be distinct biological subpopulations, or even subspecies, of humanity |
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| to identify a social group whoes members saw themselves as a single people because of shared ancestry, culture, language, or history |
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| trying to fit together all that is known about human beings |
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| using the practices of your own 'people' as a yardstick to measure how well the customs of other different peoples measure up |
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| when a lot of land is needed to support so few people |
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| when members of a descent group believe that they are in some way connected but cannot specify the precise genealogical links |
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