Term
|
Definition
| unearned, or unjustifiable privilege |
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Term
|
Definition
| how someone's birth into a particular family will affect their life |
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Term
|
Definition
| how and why some people get ahead in life |
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Term
|
Definition
| how certain characteristics of inequality combine to create different outcomes than the inequalities would individuall |
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Term
Status Inconsistency
(Intro) |
|
Definition
| the effects of multiple contrasting characteristics within one person |
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Term
|
Definition
| a group of people who have the same relation to means of production |
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Term
|
Definition
| the difference between the wages a worker recieves, and the value of the product he produces |
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Term
|
Definition
| the environment created by our life experiences and circumstances, that shapes our choices and tastes |
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Term
|
Definition
coined the term "life chances"
he believed that social upbringing and culture (not only relation to means to production) play a role in determining class |
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Term
|
Definition
believed that social inequality must be propoertional in order for it to be just
- social inequality is unjust when it exceeds natural inequality
Wrote the social contract
Interested in how natural inequalities become social inequalities
- how these social inequalities become social consequences |
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Term
|
Definition
Wrote the communist manifesto
Defined exploitation as economic unfairness
- believed that economic relations are the structure of a society
Believed that the working class would revolt |
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Term
Wright's 3 Principles of Exploitation
(Intro) |
|
Definition
1. Exclusion - the exploited group must be barred from accessing the resources needed to survive
2. Inverse Interdependence - wealth is a zero sum game
3. Appropriation - exploiters must take the profit for the work of the exploited |
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Term
|
Definition
| how the upper class distinguish themselves from the lower classes through outward signs (ex. hobbies, clothing styles) |
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Term
Keynesian Welfare State
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
|
Definition
| governments increase taxes in times of economic growth, and deficit spending in times of economic slowdown |
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Term
Neo-Liberalism
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
|
Definition
| a social, political, and economic system that is characterized by freedom of the market, privatizing government services, and shifting responsibility from the government, to the individual |
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Term
Social Investment State
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
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Definition
| a system in which the child receives primary emohasis to support the development of future workers |
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Term
Democratic Socialism
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
|
Definition
| small improvements and social reforms that aid the concerns of the working class |
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Term
John Maynard Keynes
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
|
Definition
Developed post-war economics
Believed that governments had a role and responsibility to play in the stability of the economy
- they should establish social programs during economic downturn, to prevent the economy from going into recession |
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Term
Social Welfare Categories
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
|
Definition
| Education, Health, Income Support |
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Term
Social Welfare Delivery
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
|
Definition
Directly (services, programs)
Indirectly (taxation) |
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Term
Social Welfare is Determined by
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
|
Definition
| Universal, contributory, means-tested |
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Term
Social Construction of Inequalities
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
|
Definition
| economic differences are turned into economic inequalities and class differences. The rich define themselves as the upper class, and define the poor as the lower class |
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Term
Identify Politics
(Classes and Exploitation - Lecture 2) |
|
Definition
| political arguments that are focused on self-interest. They take into account how someone's politics may be shaped by their identity (race, class, religion, etc.) |
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Term
Sex
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| biological characteristics that make someone male or female |
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Term
Gender
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| expectations of behaviour and appearance that are described as masculine and feminine |
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Term
Proletarlanizaiton of Profession
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| when women enter a profession and it's prestige and income decreases |
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Term
Emotion Work
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| the responsibility of a woman to provide a warm and comforting environment for her family, and satisfaction to her husband |
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Term
Domination
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| rule by either coercion or legitimate authority |
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Term
Authority
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| control of others without the use of coercion |
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Term
Identity
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
our sense of who we are and who others perceive us to be
Socially dominant groups tend to mistake their own identity for a naturally occurring norm |
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Term
Adolescent Femininity
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| socially accepted ways to be a teenage girl |
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Term
Emphasized Femininity
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| a form of femininity that is based on women's compliance with their subordination to men and orientation to accommodating the interests and desires of men |
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Term
Heterosexual Matrix
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| a model of gender that assumes that for bodies to cohere and make sense, there must be a stable sex, expressed through a stable gender |
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Term
Individualism
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| an ideology that gives the individual person, rather than the social collective, primacy |
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Term
Emile Durkheim
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| Sociology should be concerned only with social structures as the enduring, ordered, and patterned social relationships into which individuals are born |
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Term
Reflexive Modernization
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
the new period of modernization that has enhanced the reflexive nature of social life through increase of communication technology and easier access to knowledge.
We no longer passively accept our destiny as predescribed, we construct our own ways to being in the world. |
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Term
Ann Oakley
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
"The Sociology of Housework"
- the first book to talk about housework as real, unpaid work
Proved that most women hate spending time on work that isn't appreciated or respected
- however they believe this is normal, inevitable, and the natural order of things |
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Term
Meg Luxton
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
Studied families in Flin Flon Manitoba
- women here are expected to carry out the duties of social reproduction
- they are economically dependent on their husbands, and have little power |
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Term
Tokenism
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| women are forced to act like women because they are not given the equal opportunity to act like men |
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Term
Economic Inequality and Gender
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
women choose jobs that have safety, flexibility, and provide fulfilment.
Men choose jobs that prioritize earnings |
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Term
Dual Model
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| when women in society are expected to have two full time jobs, one in the home, and one in the workplace |
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Term
Housewife Model
(Gender and Domination - Lecture 3) |
|
Definition
| women are expected to enter the labour force until they get married/have kids, at which point they are expected to stay at home and raise them |
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Term
Race:
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
| differences based on physical or genetic characteristics that produce differences in appearance |
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Term
Ethnicity:
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
| social and cultural characteristics people are believed to share |
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Term
Ethnic Group
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
| a set of people who share the same ethnic origins |
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|
Term
Ethnic Community
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
| an ethnic group with boundaries, often living in the same geographic location |
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Term
Collective Consciousness
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
| shared group sentiments that lead the group to cohesion and therefore individual well-being |
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Term
Institutional Completeness
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
| a set of institutions that help people maintain their culture and social connections |
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Term
Racialization
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
| the way that race is produced and bestowed on people by institutional social actions. Race is something people do, rather than what they are |
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Term
Emile Durkheim
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
Identified that social cohesion is important for society
Collective consciousness is mobilized by totems
- the common origins of an ethnic group need not be real,, but they must be believed to be real |
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Term
Max Weber
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
| Ethnic groups are stronger, and more likely to mobilize than classes |
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Term
Performing Race and Ethnicity
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
human races are more alike than they are different
Physical features that distinguish members are the result of a genetic adaptation of environmental influences |
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Term
Vertical Mosaic
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
explores why certain groups are not as assimilated as others.
Canada is a mosaic of unassimilated ethnic groups, who hold different positions in the hierarchy of wealth and power |
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Term
Bogardus Scale
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
| measures the willingness of group members to mix with other group members by focusing on willingness to marry inter-racially |
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Term
Jane Elliot's 3rd Grade Class
(Ethnicity and Racialization, Lecture 4) |
|
Definition
Blue Eyes vs. Brown Eyes
- proved that children's intelligence changed depending on if they feel superior or inferior
Developed into diversity training
- we don't know the feeling of being excluded until we experience it for ourselves |
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Term
Age Sets:
(Aging and Exclusion - Lecture 5) |
|
Definition
| age categories with certain norms attached to them |
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|
Term
Disengagement Theory:
(Aging and Exclusion - Lecture 5) |
|
Definition
| older adults should be excluded from the labour market as they decline physically and mentally |
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Term
Marginalization:
(Aging and Exclusion - Lecture 5) |
|
Definition
| denying a group or individual access to important positions of power |
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Term
Life Course:
(Aging and Exclusion - Lecture 5) |
|
Definition
| a pattered sequence of experiences over time |
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Term
Jeffry Jennsen Arnett:
(Aging and Exclusion - Lecture 5) |
|
Definition
the classic model of being an adult (20-45) is too broad
- we must include young adulthood |
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Term
Age Grading:
(Aging and Exclusion - Lecture 5) |
|
Definition
| age groups live in different worlds, and social distance forms between them |
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Term
Functional Theory of Ageism
(Aging and Exclusion - Lecture 5) |
|
Definition
| ageism helps younger people deny self-threatening aspects of old age |
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Term
Terror Management Theory of Ageism
(Aging and Exclusion - Lecture 5) |
|
Definition
| young people distance themselves from old people to deny that morality is inevitable |
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|
Term
Canada legalized same-sex marriage?
(Victimization - Lecture 6) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Homophobia
(Victimization - Lecture 6) |
|
Definition
| attributes and practices that disadvantage, discriminate against, or prosecute homosexual people and practices |
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Term
Alfred Kinsey
(Victimization - Lecture 6) |
|
Definition
| conducted studies on sexuality that proved everyone lies somewhere alone a hetero-homo continuum scale |
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Term
Ding-Dong Defence
(Victimization - Lecture 6) |
|
Definition
San Francisco
Protesting the death of Harvey Milk |
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Term
Stonewall Riots
(Victimization - Lecture 6) |
|
Definition
New York
Mayor tried to shut down all the gay bards |
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Term
Absolute-Income Hypothesis:
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| poverty causes a person's health problems |
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Term
Mental Disorder
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| any condition characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behaviour associated with significant distress and impaired functioning over an extended period of time |
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Term
Mental Illness
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| a clinical diagnoses that requires medical psychiatric treatment |
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Term
Impression Management
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| how people try to manage the information others have about them, and prevent people form knowing discreditable facts that would allow them to be stigmatized |
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Term
Passing
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| disguising or hiding discreditable facts |
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Term
Covering
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| managing the tension of one's visible to well0known feature |
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Term
The Medical Model
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| looks for a single, technical explanation for a problem without considering social factors |
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Term
Psyco-Social Model
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| explains how the social environment can impact health and disease, even under conditions of affluence |
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Term
Material Model
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| identifies material living conditions as the main source of health problems due to inequality |
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Term
Links Between Inequality and Health Problems:
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
1. Human Capital - less spent on social programs
2. Access to Resources
3. Social Capital - breaks down social cohesion and trust |
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Term
The Mad Movement
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
| people (consumers and survivors) who fought against the oppressive techniques used by the mental health system, especially the medical model |
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Term
The Whitewall Studies
(Sickness and Stigmatization - Lecture 7) |
|
Definition
studied British civil servants with regards to health information and income equality.
Discovered that there is a spectrum of health |
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Term
Continued Conformity:
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| people who do their best under the circumstances, using the legitimate means available to them |
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Term
Innovation
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| people who accept cultural goals, but reject the accepted means of attaining them |
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Term
White Collar Crime
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| cooperate crime committed by people of high socio--economic standing |
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Term
Inmate Syndrome
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| adaptation that makes inmates more likely to survive inside prison, and less likely to survive outside |
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Term
Prisonization
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| becoming too well socialized to prison life |
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Term
Recidivism
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| after release, prisoners commit even more violent crimes and end up in jail |
|
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Term
Bruce Western and Becky Pettit
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| Studied the incarceration of black men |
|
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Term
Incarceration of Black Men and 3 links to Inequality
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
1. US criminal justice system comes down harder on black men
2. Over-imprisonment of poor black men conceals actual rates of black disadvantage
3. On release from jail, black men face more social stigma and challenges |
|
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Term
Edwin Sutherland
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
Studied white collar crime
- traditional theories of crime can't explain while collar crime |
|
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Term
Control Theory
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| criminal behaviour results when people with low self-control, encounter unguarded, attractive opportunities |
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Term
Anomie Theory:
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
crime is a personal adaptation to social inequality
- there is a gap between cultural goals, and the legitimatr means available to achieve them |
|
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Term
John Hagan:
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
Poor people are so pre-occupied dealing with every day issues to survive
- they have little chance to develop resources and skills that would help them to do well in society |
|
|
Term
Policing:
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| a process of regulating and ordering contemporary societies and individuals |
|
|
Term
Needs for Private Policing:
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
- Growth of private property
- Technology
- New modes of business |
|
|
Term
Adam Smith
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| protecting citizens from harm is the duty of the government |
|
|
Term
Karl Marx
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| security is the supreme social concept of civil society |
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|
Term
Max Weber
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
the right to use physical force is ascribed to other institutions or individuals only to the extent which the state permits it
- the state is considered the sole source of the right to use force |
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|
Term
Reasons for the Increase in Criminalization of Women:
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| 1. Changes in the nature and severity of women's crime and their increased opportunities to commit crimes that are drug-related, economic, and property offences |
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Term
Demography of Women in Prison:
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| those who have experienced social exclusion because of poverty, racism, mental illness, and the trauma of physical and sexual violence |
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Term
Racial Over-Representation
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
aboriginal women are over represented in the Candian justice system
- 37% of women serving time are aboriginal |
|
|
Term
Gender-Responsibe Policy:
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| policy that recognized quantitive and qualitative differences between men and women's lives and is responsibe to their unique needs and experiences. Such policies are intended to eliminate systematic barriers, cultural bias, and gender bias. |
|
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Term
Reintegration of Women
(Crime and Punishment - Lecture 8) |
|
Definition
| women do not have sufficient access to resources in the community upon release from prison, that they face contextually different issues than men |
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Term
Evolutionary Psychology Theory
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| war is a human extension of animal behaviour |
|
|
Term
Konrad Lorenz
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
proposed the evolutionary psychology theory
- natural animal aggression also appears in humans |
|
|
Term
Freudian Theory
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
war is inevitable because humans have a naturally destructive instinct. To live in society, they must internalize this instinct
- Nation-states can then channel this pent-up agression into warfare |
|
|
Term
Agressive Rulers
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| draw a reluctant population into war |
|
|
Term
Demographic Theory
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
war is the result of an expanding population and diminishing resources
- positive checks, such as war, keep the human species within the natural carrying capacity |
|
|
Term
Preventative Checks
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| human actions that lower birthrate |
|
|
Term
Positive Checks
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| outbreaks such as war, disease, and famine that are caused by a population that outstrips the natural resources |
|
|
Term
Youth in War Making
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| war breaks out when large groups of youth lack regular, peaceful job opportunities |
|
|
Term
Marxist Theory
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| modern war is caused by a competition for resources between capitalist powers |
|
|
Term
Rationalist Theory
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| war is a "game" of strategic moves aimed at achieving strategic goals under conditions of uncertainty |
|
|
Term
Frustration-Agression Hypothesis
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| agression results when a person's efforts to attain a goal are blocked or frustrated |
|
|
Term
Failed State
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
a state without a strong tradition of good government
- they often engage in civil war or promote war in nearby countries
- there is a correlation between the Gini index and Failed State Index |
|
|
Term
Fractionaloization
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| the process that occurs as the number of ethnic groups in a society increases |
|
|
Term
Ethnic Polarization
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
increases when there are few equally large groups. Rebel leaders often use ethnic identities to further their own political and financial agendas.
- Ethnicity can unify a nation with nationalist causes |
|
|
Term
Social Control
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| the process through which a person's decision to take part in a group is influenced by the people around them |
|
|
Term
Horizontal Inequality Theory
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| horizontal inequalities are more likely to cause war than vertical inequalities |
|
|
Term
Robert Macculloch
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
surveyed people about their desire for revolution
- more people want to revolt when the nation is highly unequal |
|
|
Term
Thomas Malthus
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
Developed the Demographic Theory
- believed that preventative checks would stop the population from outstripping the diminishing resources
- this would cause positive checks, such as war |
|
|
Term
Joshua Goldstein
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
Male agression is caused by a cultural construction of "tough men"
- conflict is seen as a test of manhood
- strong men protect weak women |
|
|
Term
Frances Stewart
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
Found a link between inequality and war
- countries on the bottom scale of human and economic development were currently involved in war, or had been recently
- developed four hypothesis for the cause of war |
|
|
Term
Hypothesis for the Cause of War; Social Contract
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| Failure of a social contract between the state and it's citizens |
|
|
Term
Hypothesis for the Cause of War; Private Motivation
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| war brings the opportunity of benefits to people , that motivate them to fight |
|
|
Term
Hypothesis for the Cause of War; Green War
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| environmental degradation causes poverty, which causes war |
|
|
Term
Hypothesis for the Cause of War; Group Motivation
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| deprived groups seek redress, privileged groups fight to retain privileges |
|
|
Term
Social Cleavage Theory
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
people in cross-cutting societies have weak affiliations to any one particular group
- they are less likely to mobilize as an ethnic group
Over-lapping cleavages significantly increase the likelihood of civil war |
|
|
Term
Indigenous Sovereignty
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| the political condition in which indigenous people in Canada would govern themselves as a sovereign political community under international law |
|
|
Term
Miyo-Wicehtowin
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| requires Cree people to conduct themselves in a way that creates positive relationships |
|
|
Term
John A. Price
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
Believed that sociologists shouldn't study aboriginals under "ethnic studies"
- they should have their own category of 'North American Indians' |
|
|
Term
Bruce Johansen
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| studied how the Iroquois influenced American democracy and constitutionalism |
|
|
Term
Lewis Henry Morgan
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
Wrote about the Iroquois
- intrigued Marx with regards to their democratic political organization and economic equality without coercion |
|
|
Term
Stereotypes of Indians
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
Naming - puts all aboriginals into three categories
Reserves - the idea that 'real indians come from reserves' when in fact, reserves are a Canadian creation to separate Indians from the rest of society
Women - the idea that aboriginal women are seen as servants of their men |
|
|
Term
Sisters in Spirit
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| campaign estimating that 500 aboriginal women in Canada are missing or have been murdered |
|
|
Term
Proponents of Quebec Sovereignty
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| believe Quebec has suffered under British influence, and should be an independent country |
|
|
Term
Opponents of Quebec Sovereignty
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| believe that separatism is a product of narrow nationalism, and it would be negative for other minorities in Quebec, as well as Canadians at large |
|
|
Term
Social Scientist view of Quebec Sovereignty
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| believe Quebec wants sovereignty due to lack of full political control over their future. They want the independence to pursue their own social and political objectives |
|
|
Term
Naturalness Theory
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| the idea that the natural condition for any significant social group is political independence |
|
|
Term
State
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| a set of institutions that rule over a particular society, within a relatively well-defined territory |
|
|
Term
Nation
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| a population defined by a common culture, language, and/or ethnicity |
|
|
Term
Evolution Towards Independence Theory:
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
|
Definition
| the world began as simple human groupings, into major empires, into sovereign states. Perhaps many nations who are fighting for sovereignty are not yet through the process of evolution |
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Term
1982
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
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Definition
Partition of the Constitution
- failed to recognize the individual anc collective rights of Quebec in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms |
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Term
1995
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
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Definition
| Near victory for the 'yes' in the Quebec referendum |
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Term
Post-Sovereignty
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
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Definition
forms of governance that do not rely exclusively on the tradition statehood
- this is exemplified in multi-national organizations such as the EU |
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Term
1967
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
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Definition
| Canada introduces the "points system", laying out criteria for how immigrants are selected |
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Term
Four Classes of Immigrants
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
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Definition
family class, economic class, refugees, other immigrants
- only 17% are skilled workers |
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Term
Refugee
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
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Definition
| a person outside his/her country of origin who cannot return due to fear of persecution |
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Term
Types of Refugees
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
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Definition
1. Refugees selected from campus and crisis situations
2. Those who make refugee claims and must undergo a process |
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Term
Citizenship
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
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Definition
| a type of identity within a defined territory that is usually deemed "good" |
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Term
Technologies of Citizenship
(Lecture 9 - War and Destruction) |
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Definition
Citizenship Test
Citizenship Ceremony and Oath taking
Multiculturalism
Passport/ Green Card |
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Term
Just-World Beliefs
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
beliefs that maintain the illusion of justice in the face of injustice
- all inequality is in some way linked to just-world beliefs
- those who are good are rewarded, and those who are bad are punished |
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Term
Gini Index
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
a measure of economic inequality
1 = total income inequality
0 = total income equality |
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Term
3 Poverty Explanations
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
1. Personal failing
2. Social and Economic Causes
3. Blaming the victim or those in power |
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Term
Just-World Effect on Gender
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
| countries with higher rates of women in office have less poverty |
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Term
Just-Wolrd Effect on Age
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
| just-world beliefs homogenize elderly and youth into a dependent age bracket |
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Term
Just-World Effect on Sexuality
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
| just-world advocates believe homosexuals "claim" to be born gay, to avoid blame for their choice |
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Term
Cheryl Kaiser
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
Investigated how just-world beliefs affected people's response to 9/11
- people with just world beliefs felt the most vulnerable, fearful, and uneasy |
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Term
Habits of Inequality Theory
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
| societies have bought into ideas of inequality and have built these ideas into their main social institutions |
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Term
Social Differentiation
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
| identifying different kinds of people who are assumed to be essentially and unchangeably different - and defining these differences as consequential for social and economic life |
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Term
Narratives of Blame
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
| socially constructed accounts that attach social or moral qualities to different groups to explain why advantaged people are advantaged, and disadvantaged people are disadvantaged |
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Term
Practices of Oppression
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
exploitation, domination, exclusion, discrimination, stigmatization
- they punish certain groups and reward others |
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Term
Narratives of Validation
(Conclusion - Lecture 10) |
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Definition
| socially constructed accounts reply to narratives of blame. They form collective consciousness. |
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