Term
|
Definition
| the collection of items that are gathered together to form a total quantity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means to separate a whole into its parts. This term means that test results are sorted by groups. Such as sex, age, income, etc... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The unit of analysis is the major entity that you are analysizing in your study. It can be individuals, groups, artifacts, geographical areas, social interacts,etc... Number 1 Rule: NO MATTER WHAT YOU ARE STUDYING ALWAYS COLLECT DATA ON THE LOWEST LEVEL UNIT OF ANALYSIS AS POSSIBLE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the accuracy and trustworthiness of the instruments, data and finding in the research. Nothing in research is more important than validity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to whether or not you get the same answer by using an instrument to measure more than once. Ex. How many brothers and sisters do you have? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is about the number of decimal points you have in a measurement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the measurement system that the conditions of quality of being true, correct or exact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cultural monography...
which attempts to account for the facts in a single case. Ex.. In India, the dowry and marrying up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which attempts to account for the facts in many cases. Ex. what cause or accounts for the existence of dowry/ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to when participants are assigned randomly to either a treatment group or a controlled group.. This is the ideal experiment |
|
|
Term
| 5 steps in a true experiment? |
|
Definition
1. Formulate a hypothesis
2. Randomly assign particpants to either group
3. Measure dependent variables
4. Introduce treatment or intervention
5. Measure the dependent variables again. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to when particpants are selected by external criteria rather than random assigned to either a treatment group or a control group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
two post test, pre test design with random assignment.
treatment group to Pretest (measuring the dependent variable to introduciton of independent variable to treatment group to intervention to measurement for the treatment grop for the dependent variable and for the control group for dependent variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to experiments conducted within the labortories, where one controls the variables. This is a more controlled experiment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to experiments that are conducted outside of laboratories in natural conditions. Ex. Study of preschoolers in their own environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
refers to experiments that are naturally conducted in the world, and later evaluated by researchers.
Ex. crime and rural areas. Researchers did not set it up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
refers to experiments in which you contrive to collect experimental data under natural conditions.
Ex. Earthquake,etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are similar as questionairres in intent but not typically written and is given orally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refer to written forms containing a set of questions, especially one addressed to a statistically significan number of subjects. They usually contain & particular scale or measurement that has been constructed by the researcher. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a factor that make it impossible to tell if the intervention is what really caused any observed differences in the dependent variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something occurs in one group that doesnt occur in the other group that my affect the outcome of the study. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a longitudinal study. In which participants may literally become older, more mature and develop different views on things between the time you take your first measurement and the time you take the second measurement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in which people become sensitized to your testing process and change their behavior based on this knowled about your testing process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which can occur if you make changes to your instruments midway through your experiment. |
|
|
Term
| regression to the mean confound |
|
Definition
this refers to a skewing of datat that mover from extreme to moderate scores.
Ex. comparing pay rate of a pro basketball player and a janitor to get the means. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which refers to a natural inability to randomly assign participants to a study. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to reality that some people may not complete the study because they have died and also refers to those who do not complete the study as well. |
|
|
Term
| Diffusion of treatment confound |
|
Definition
| refers to an inability to keep your control group pure and the independent variable is somehow gets introduced to the control group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the process of analysizing a group by determing the characteristics of its members chosen at random. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to data about attributes of individuals in a population. (age, sex, income) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to data elicited from experts within a culture, who can tell you something about the interculturalization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a list of units of analysis from which you take and sample in which you generalize. ex. names from a phonebook. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the participants that take part of the study. In probability samplin it is possible to state which units belong to which sample. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Probability sampling. This refers to the process of randomly selecting a group of participants for a study from a known set of designated units (your sampling frame) |
|
|
Term
| Systematic Random Sampling |
|
Definition
| probability sampling. This resfers to the process of entering a sampling frame at a random spot in the frame and then choosing a sampling interval at which you will choose every nth person or item in the frame. |
|
|
Term
| Stratified random sampling |
|
Definition
| probability sampling. This refers to the process of ensuring that key populations are included in your sample. You divide a sampling frame into subframes based on the independent variables that you have deemed key and then take a random sample from each of those subframes. |
|
|
Term
| disproportionate sampling |
|
Definition
| probability sampling. This refers to the process of trying to ensure representatio of naturally underrepresented subpopulations (subframes) in your sample size. This must be noted on research also referred to as weighting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| probability sampling. This refers to the process of choosing a sample based on the notion that people tend to cluster in natural groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an example of an independent variable would be if an insurance company is determing longevity based on sex, education or occupation. The latter would be the independent variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| example of dependent variable. If an insurance was studying longevity from things they can measure such as sex, age and occupation. Longevity would be the dependent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
variable with two values..
ex. Black and white with race. |
|
|
Term
| multidimensional variable |
|
Definition
| variables that may be measured in several ways. examples are wealth, income, political orientation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variables that may be measure in single, straight-forward ways. Ex. height, weight, birth order, age, marital status. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is something that can take more than one value. The values can be words or numbers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are interval variables that have a TRUE ZERO POINT. ex. Kelvin scale, age, # of time a person changed residency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have all the properties of nominal and ordinal. They are mutually exclusive llist of attributes, exhaustive and attributes can have a rank-order struction...they have true quantative measurement b not a true zero point. ex. farenheit/celcius. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like nominal = level variables, generally exhaustive and mutually exclusive. Can be ranked in order. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
comprises a list of names. Its exhaustive and mutually exclusive qualitative measurement.
Ex. what is your religion? |
|
|
Term
| What are the four levels of measurement |
|
Definition
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio |
|
|
Term
| What are the problems with Operationalism? |
|
Definition
| Strict operationalism creates a knotty philosophical problem. Concepts and measurement turns abstractions into reality. |
|
|
Term
| What is good about operationalism? |
|
Definition
| operational definitions are strictly limited to the content of the operation specified. operationalism is the best way to expose a bad measurement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The definition consit of a set of instructions on how to measure a variable that has been conceptionally definded? Ex. What is spacious? how do we agree upon the standard of measurement?
It also is defined as specify exactly what you have to do to measure something that has been defined conceptionally. Ex. intelligence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Buy the assumptions of the scientific method. Early Positivism Quetelet: expectancy tables, Saint Simon: the originator of the positivist school, Comte: Law of three stages.
The central position of positivism is that experience is the foundation of knowledege. Instrumental positivism researchers today love to hate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Favor the competing method. The truth is not absolute but is decided by individual human judgment. They do not deny the effectiveness of science for the study but emphasizes the uniqueness of humanity and the need for different methods for studying human beings. |
|
|
