Term
| sociological definition of “family” 358 |
|
Definition
| social group bounded by legal, biological, or emotional ties. |
|
|
Term
| Census definition of “family” 358 |
|
Definition
| 2 or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption living in the same household. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a heterosexual couple with one or more children living in a single household |
|
|
Term
| Why do many contemporary sociologists speak of “families” rather than family? 358 |
|
Definition
| families are so varied and diverse it makes no sociological sense to speak of a single ideal-type model of the fmaily. |
|
|
Term
| WhWhat demograhic variable might make global population drop? 444What demograhic variable might make global population drop? 444o is more likely to define unrelated roommates as a family? 359 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marriage to one within one's social group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marriage to someone from a different social group |
|
|
Term
| antiMiscegenation laws 359 |
|
Definition
| prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, or sexual interaction. |
|
|
Term
| How is the family responsible for the reproduction of society? 360 |
|
Definition
| it produces and socializes children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| close relations with people we consider "like family" but who are not related to us by blood or marriage |
|
|
Term
| What about family would symbolic interactionists be most interested in? 363 |
|
Definition
| they actively and creatively construct and modify their roles through interactions |
|
|
Term
| What factors are involved in forming relationships and selecting mates? 363 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to marry or have relationships with people in close geographic proximity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the practical physical tasks necessary to maintain family life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the emotional work necessary to support family members |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unpaid housework and childcare expected of women after they return home from work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| women who accept their dual workloads without any help to avoid conflict with spouses and children |
|
|
Term
| What happens to marital satisfaction when children are born? |
|
Definition
| declines when there are small children in the house |
|
|
Term
| How does the birth of children change the gendered division of labor within the household 368 |
|
Definition
| it becomes more traditional when children are born |
|
|
Term
| The sandwich generation effect 368 |
|
Definition
| adults who have to take care of their parents as well as their own kids |
|
|
Term
| How do male and female life expectancies compare in the United States today? 368 |
|
Definition
| 78 but women 6 years longer than men |
|
|
Term
| An individual is most likely to be murdered by whom? 368 |
|
Definition
| in their own homes by their own family members |
|
|
Term
| Rates of domestic abuse differ across racial groups 369 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do abusive partners resort to domestic abuse? 372 |
|
Definition
| they decide to do it to those who are less likely to report them and over whom they must maintain in control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any physical, verbal, financial, sexual, or psychological behaviors abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims |
|
|
Term
| How do most abusive relationships look at the beginning? 372 |
|
Definition
| they seem sensitive, charming and calm |
|
|
Term
| Why are child and elder abuse likely to go unreported? 372 |
|
Definition
| they are powerless and it is in a private setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 75% of divorced men remarry and 67% of divorced women remarry. 75-80% of divorced parents remarry |
|
|
Term
| Handling of custody of minor children in divorce cases 375 |
|
Definition
| joint custody is likely if both parents are well educated and make decent money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| half-siblings and children from remarried parents |
|
|
Term
| Who are more likely to be negatively affected by the parents’ divorce? 375 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intentional communities 378 |
|
Definition
| any of a variety of groups who form communal living arrangements outside of marriage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kids who move back into home |
|
|
Term
| How has the earth’s population changed in the last 50 years? 444 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of the size, composition, distribution, and changes in human population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fertility rates, death rates and migration |
|
|
Term
| What demograhic variable might make global population drop? 444 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entering one country from another to take up permanent residence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leaving one country to live permanently in another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a population within a country |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| population will expand at a much faster rate than agriculture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| too many people not enough resources |
|
|
Term
| What do anti-Malthusians worry about? 449 |
|
Definition
| the population shrinking and a demographic free fall rather than the population growing |
|
|
Term
| Demographic free fall 449 |
|
Definition
| decrease in fertility rates. children become an economic liability rather than an asset |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| worry about rapid pace of population growth and believe malthus's rediction could be true |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the expansion of aggriculture |
|
|
Term
| Demographic transition 449 |
|
Definition
| possible transition over time from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates resulting in a stabilized population |
|
|
Term
| What are urban areas with more than one million inhabitants called? 450 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is urban density measured? 451 |
|
Definition
| measured by the total number of people per square mile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shift of large sements of population away from the urban core and toward the edges of cities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| centers of employment and commerce that began as suburban commuter communities |
|
|
Term
| What sort of rural areas are most likely to experience a “rural rebound” 456 |
|
Definition
| those near urban centers or with rich scenic or amenity vlues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expansion or urban or suburban boundaries. associated with irresponsibly or poorly planned development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic and urban planning policies that emphasize responsible development renewal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transformation of physical, social, economic and cultural life of formerly working-class or poor inner-city neighborhoods into more affluent middle-class communities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a social situation that emphasizes individualism over collective or group identities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bystander effect or diffusion of responsibility 460-462 |
|
Definition
| the more people there are present in a moment of crisis, the less likely any one of them is to take action |
|
|
Term
| Pluralistic ignorance 462 |
|
Definition
| idea that since no one else in the group is doing anything either do you |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a story that is believed (incorrectly) to be true and is widespread because it expresses fears, and anxieties about the social world |
|
|
Term
| Environmental sociology 466 |
|
Definition
| study of the interaction between society and the natural environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of human populations and their impact on the natural world |
|
|
Term
| Why is damage to tropical rainforests detrimental to human life? 467 |
|
Definition
| pharmaceuticals, food, woods, climate control,evaporation and rainfall, and clearing the air of carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural resources that can be regenerated |
|
|
Term
| non-renewable resources 467 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variety of species of plants and animals existing at any given time |
|
|
Term
| What sort of pollution is responsible for global warming? 469-470 |
|
Definition
| an increase of greenhouse gases from air pollution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decline in the amount of light reaching the earth's surface because of the increased air pollution which reflects more light back into space |
|
|
Term
| The treadmill of production 471 |
|
Definition
| operation of modern economic systems, causes increased exploitation of resources and environmental degradation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attitude that humans are exempt from natural ecological limits |
|
|
Term
| Four major eras of environmental activism 472-473 |
|
Definition
| environmental movement, conservation era, modern environmental movement, and mainstream environmentalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of violence or criminal methods to protect the environment |
|
|
Term
| Environmental racism 477-478 |
|
Definition
| environmental policy or practice that negatively affects individuals, groups or communities because of their rac or ethnicity |
|
|
Term
| Sustainable development 478 |
|
Definition
| economic development that aims to reconcile growth with environmental protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an estimation of how much land and water area is required to produce all the goods we consume and to assimilate all the wastes we generate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transformation of a culture over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| periods of time during which large-scale social change took place so rapidly that the whole of human society was redefined. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those who join a crowd could become infected by a mod mentality and lose the ability to reason |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavior that a whole group does who take action together toward a shared goal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporary gathering of individuals spontaneous or not who share a common focus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuois bad behavior from a group of people that disturbs the peace and is directed towards other people and or property |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large groups of people engaging in similar behaviors without necessarily being in the same place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interests or practices followed enthusiastically for a relatively short period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| widespread custom or style of behavioral and appearance at a particular time or place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavior that is rational for the individual can when practiced by many people lead to collective disaster |
|
|
Term
| How can social dilemmas be solved? 489 |
|
Definition
| people will have to change their behavior |
|
|
Term
| Tragedy of the commons 488 |
|
Definition
| many individuals over exploitation of public resource depletes or degrades that common resource |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of social dilemma in which individuals incur the cost to contribute to a collective resource, though they may never benefit from that resource |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who take advantage of public goods without contributing to it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assumes people join not because of the movements ideals, but to satisfy a psychological need to belong to something larger than themselves |
|
|
Term
| Resource mobilization theory 492 |
|
Definition
| focuses on the practical constraints that help or hinder social movements |
|
|
Term
| Stages in a social movement 494 |
|
Definition
| incipient, coalescience, bureaucratization, decline |
|
|
Term
| relative deprivation theory 492 |
|
Definition
| actions or oppressed groups who seek rights or opportunities already enjoyed by others in the society |
|
|
Term
| What type of person would be most likely to join a social movement 494 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Regressive or reactionary social movement 497 |
|
Definition
| resist certain social changes- want things to stay the same or go backward |
|
|
Term
| Technological determinism 498 |
|
Definition
| changes in technology drives changes in society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change of beliefs and practices from one group to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| societies lose their uniqeness and become more similar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uneven distribution of technology amongst different groups of poeple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influence by adopting another cultures products |
|
|
