Term
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Definition
| The recognized violation of a cultural norm |
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Term
| Functions of deviance for society |
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Definition
affirms cultural values and norms
clarifies moral boundaries
brings people together
encourages social change |
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Term
| Social conflict paradigm and deviance |
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Definition
| the powerful decide what is deviant and what is not deviant in society. groups with less power are considered deviant. |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions |
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Term
| Differential association theory |
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Definition
| deviance is learned from the groups we associate with |
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Term
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Definition
| people experience strain when they are blocked from legitimate opportunities to achieve social success |
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Term
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Definition
| experience is inclined to be deviant but social controls inhibit most people from deviance |
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Term
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Definition
signs of social disorder give people a sense that "no one cares" and this encourages crime.
If small crimes go unpunished this can lead to more serious crimes |
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Term
| The Saints and the Roughnecks |
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Definition
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Term
| Crime against the person/ Direct Violence |
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Definition
| crimes that direct violence or the threat of violence against others |
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Term
| Crimes against property/property crimes |
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Definition
| crimes that involve theft property belonging to others |
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Term
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Definition
| violations of law in which there are no obvious victims. |
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Term
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Definition
| rose until 1990, now have been declining. crime rates rise during adolescence, peak in late teens. most crimes involve men. both race and ethnicity are linked to crime rates, more whites are linked to index crimes but overall more african americans are linked to crimes. Social class is difficult to asses |
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Term
| Incarceration rates in the U.S. |
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Definition
| rates have rise due to laws passed in 1990's that led to more prison sentences and longer terms |
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Term
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Definition
| this offers various protections to any person charged with a crime. right to counsel, right to refuse to testify against oneself right to confront etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| serve as the point of contact between a population and the criminal justice system. Maintain public order by enforcing the law |
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Term
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Definition
| determines a suspects guilt or innocence. |
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Term
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Definition
| a legal negotiation in which a prosecutor reduces a charge in exchange for a defendants guilty plea |
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Term
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Definition
| includes retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, societal protection, probation, shock probation, parole |
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Term
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Definition
| an act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime |
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Term
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Definition
| the attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| a program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses. |
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Term
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Definition
| rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution |
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Term
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Definition
| a policy by which a judge orders a convicted offender to prison for a short time and then suspends the remainder of the sentence in favor of probation. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a policy of releasing inmates from prison to serve the remainder of their sentences in the local community under the supervision of a parole officer |
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Term
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Definition
| affection and passion toward another person, as the basis for marriage |
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Term
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Definition
| The love between husband and wife |
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Term
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Definition
| family composed of one or two parents and their children |
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Term
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Definition
| family composed of parents and children as well as other kin |
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Term
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Definition
| marriage between people of the same social category |
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Term
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Definition
| marriage between people of different social categroies |
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Term
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Definition
| marriage that unites a person with two or more partners |
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Term
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Definition
| marriage between people with the same social characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| occurring as an ordinary element of everyday life |
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Term
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Definition
| the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple |
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Term
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Definition
| the rule of many by the few |
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Term
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Definition
| an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently |
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Term
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Definition
| a productive system based on service work and high technology |
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Term
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Definition
| set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe and reverence |
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Term
| U.S. high school dropout rates |
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Definition
| 10.3 percent of people between the ages of 16 and 24 are high school dropouts, a total of 3.8 million men and women |
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Term
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Definition
| Socialization, Job Training, Research and inovation |
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Term
| School segregation in the U.S. |
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Definition
| school segregation today by race is the same as 1969 |
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Term
| School funding in the U.S. |
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Definition
$900 difference per pupil funding between high poverty and low poverty school districts
Property tax |
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Term
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Definition
the practice of assigning students to different instructional groups based on perceptions of ability.
Rationale for tracking
critique of tracking |
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Term
| Family-school connections |
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Definition
| family backgrounds, basic needs including parental involvement |
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Term
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Definition
| high levels of parental involvement are related to higher grades, more enjoyment of school, and fewer disciplinary infractions |
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Term
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Definition
| the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred |
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Term
| Rationalization of society |
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Definition
| the historical change from tradition to rationality as the main mode of the human though |
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Term
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Definition
| a way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate matter of fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task |
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Term
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Definition
| formal ceremonial behanvior |
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Term
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Definition
| formal ceremonial behanvior |
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Term
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Definition
| Social cohesion, social control, providing meaning and purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| religion that unites people through shared symbolism, values and norms |
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Term
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Definition
| uses religious ideas to promote conformity. "Divine Right" |
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Term
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Definition
| religious belief offers the comforting sense that our brief lives serve some greater purpose |
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Term
| Single parent and step parent families |
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Definition
| 31 percent in the united states |
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Term
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Definition
| not blood but close to the family |
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Term
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Definition
| moms having another job when they come home to run the house |
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Term
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Definition
| organizations perpetuate themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| preoccupied with rules and less to the point of hurting an organizations goals |
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Term
| Explanations for the U.S. divorce rate |
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Definition
| working, women are more independent, socially acceptable, individualism |
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Term
| Impacts of education on health and income |
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Definition
| higher education leads to higher income with leads to a higher life expectancy |
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Term
| The irrationality of rationality |
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Definition
| settings where people cannot behave as human people are dehumanized, rational operations become irrational |
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Term
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Definition
| society following mcdonalds recipe on how to run things |
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Term
| Durkheim’s definition of religion |
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Definition
| things that surpass the limits of our knowledge. this would not be universal of it did not serve some purpose to society |
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Term
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Definition
| emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of one family member by another |
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Term
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Definition
| parents help children develop into well well integrated and contributing members of society |
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Term
| regulation of sexual activity |
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Definition
| a norm of forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| parents pass on their own social identity in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, and social class |
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Term
| material and emotional security |
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Definition
| offering physical protection, emotional support, and financial assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| new sources of energy, centralization of work in factories, manufacturing and mass production, specialization, and wage labor |
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Term
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Definition
| 85 % of adults claim a religious preference. The constitution bans a set religion |
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Term
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Definition
| the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred |
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Term
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Definition
| an organization with a legal existence, including rights and liabilities, separate from that of its members |
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Term
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Definition
| giant corporations composed of many smaller corporations |
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Term
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Definition
| economic activity that crosses national borders |
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Term
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Definition
| women consider themselves more religious then men consider themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| formal organizations create this by reducing the human to a small cog in a ceaselessly moving mechanism. the potential to dehumanize |
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