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| a area or subfield of sociology that analyzes the distribution, composition, and population size of groups |
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| the rate or level of children born to an individual or population |
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| the maximum number of children that could be born if a female reproduced at her maximum capacity |
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| the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year |
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| the incidence of death in a population |
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| the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population during a given year |
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| movement of people from one region to another in order to change one’s residence |
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| movement (of people) to another region for residency |
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| movement (of people) out of a geographic area to take up residency elsewhere |
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| the biological and social characteristics of a population, including age, sex, race, marital status, education, occupation, income, and size of household |
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| a term used by demographers to denote the number of males for every hundred females in a given population |
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| a graphic representation of the distribution of a population by sex and age |
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| The Malthusian Perspective |
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Definition
| Robert Malthus believed that the population would grow exponentially (instead of arithmetically) thus exceeding our food supply to the point where the lack of food results in the end of population growth |
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| argued that food supply would not be threatened by overpopulation because it is possible to produce food via technology. Emphasis placed on the exploitation of workers by the capitalists who earn additional profit by paying workers low wages. The profits earned by the capitalists would be used to purchase machinery that could actually replace some of the workers rather than supply food for everyone. Capitalists seek to have a surplus of workers so that they can keep wages at a minimum. Workers will tend to be more productive in order to keep their jobs (so that they can provide for themselves). |
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| Neo-Malthusian Perspective |
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| over-population results in global environmental problems (global warming, pollution, famine). |
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| Demographic Transition Theory |
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| explains how societies have moved from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a result of advances in technology |
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| high birth rates & high death rates result in a small amount of population growth. |
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| high birth rates and declining death rates. |
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| Advanced Industrialization and Urbanization |
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| result in lower birth rates and lower death rates. |
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| a continuation of declining birth rates and steady death rates. |
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