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Soc S161 (Hale) Chapter 12
Education and Religion
20
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
04/20/2010

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Term
Education
Definition
The social institution responsible for the sytematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure.
Term
Functionalist Perspective on Education
Definition
Tends to view education asa very important part of society; contemporary functionalists believe that education teaches U.S. values.
Term
Conflict Perspective on Education
Definition
tends to view schools as institutions that “perpetuate” social inequality in terms of class, gender, ethnicity, and race because as groups seek to maintain their position of “privilege”
Term
Cultural capital
Definition
Bourdieu’ s term for people’s social assets, including values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies
Term
Tracking
Definition
the assignment of students to specific curriculum groups and courses on the basis of their test scores, previous grades, or both
Term
Hidden Curriculum
Definition
transmission of cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, through implied demands found in rules, routines, and school regulations
Term
Credentialism
Definition
a process of social selection in which class advantage and social status are linked to the possession of academic qualifications
Term
Symbolic interactionist perspective on education
Definition
tends to focus on the communication patterns in the classroom as well as how labeling can affect students’ self-concept
Term
Labeling and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Definition
symbolic interactionist view labeling (identifying others based on behavior or other factors) as it occurs between those of have the power and status to “label” individuals and those who are labeled.
Term
Religion
Definition
a system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals, based on some, sacred or supernatural realm, that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community
Term
Sacred
Definition
those aspects of life that are supernatural or “holy”
Term
Profane
Definition
everyday, non-religious, secular, or “worldly” components of life
Term
Animism
Definition
the belief that plants, animals, or other elements of the natural world are endowed with spirits or life forces having an effect on events in society.
Term
Secularization
Definition
the process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in sectors of society and culture
Term
Civil Religion
Definition
set of beliefs, rituals, and symbols that makes society’s values sacred
Term
Ecclesia
Definition
a religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culture that it claims just about everyone as a member
Term
Church
Definition
a large, bureaucratically organized religious organization that tends to seek accommodation with the larger society in order to maintain some degree of control over it
Term
Denomination
Definition
a large, organized religion characterized by accommodation to society but frequently lacking in the ability or intention to dominate society
Term
Sect
Definition
a relatively small religious group that has broken away from another religious organization to renew what is views as the original version of the faith
Term
Cult
Definition
a religious group with practices and teachings outside the dominant cultural and religious traditions of a society
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