Term
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Definition
| Behavior, belief or condition that violates a significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and other sanctions |
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Term
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Definition
| A violation of the law or the commission of a status offense by youth. |
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Definition
| Systematic practices developed by social groups to encourage conformity to norms, rules, and laws and to discourage deviance. |
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Term
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Definition
| The systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system, including the police, courts, and prisons. |
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Term
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Definition
Functions of Deviance
1.
2. Deviance unites a group
3. Deviance promotes social change |
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Term
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Definition
| The view that people feel strain when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving thoses goals |
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Term
| Illegitimate Oportunity Structures |
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Definition
| Circumstance that provides an opportunity for activities what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels. |
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Term
| Differential Association Theory |
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Definition
| The proposition that individuals have greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently associate with persons who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The view that deviants are individuals who have been succesfully labeled as such by others. |
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Term
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Definition
| The initial act of rule-breaking |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant accepts that new identity and continues the deviant behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deviance that occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant seeks to normalize the behavior by relabeling it as nondeviant. |
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Term
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Definition
| A crime such as rape, homicide, or aggravated assualt; punishment may range from imprisonment for over a year to the death penalty. |
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Term
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Definition
| A minor crime in which the punishment is typically less than a year in jail; a fine may be used as a sanction either in concert or in liew of a jail sentence. |
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Term
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Definition
| information of crime that has been reported to the police |
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Term
| The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) |
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Definition
| FBI data on a crime that has been reported in the U.S.; focuses on violent crime and property crime. |
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Term
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Definition
| Murder, forcible rape, robbery and aggravated assault involving force or the threat of force against others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Burglary (breaking into private property to commit a serious crime). Motor vehicle theft, larceny-theft (theft of property worth 50 dollars or more), and arson. |
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Term
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Definition
| Crimes that involve a willing exchange of illegal goods or services among adults. |
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Term
| White Collar (Occupational) Crime |
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Definition
| Illegal activies committed by people in the course of their employment or financial affairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Illegal acts committed by corporate employees on behalf of the corporation and with its support. |
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Term
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Definition
| A business operation that supplies illegal goods and services for profit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Illegal or unethical acts involving the usurpation of power by government officials, or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government by outsiders seeking to make a political statement, undermine the government, or overthrow it. |
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Term
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Definition
| The calculated unlawful use of physical force or threats of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a governent, organization, or individual for the purpose of gaining some political, religious, economic, or social objective. |
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Term
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Definition
| Men had higher arrest rates than female for murder, robbery, larceny-theft, and fraud). |
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Term
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Definition
| In 2006, persons under age 25 accounted for more than 45 percent of all arrests for violent crime and almost 55 percent of all arrests for property crime. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals from lower socioeconomic classes are more likely to be arrested for violent and property crimes while those from the upper classes are more likely to commit white-collar or elite crimes but only a small poportion will be arrested or convicted of a crime. |
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Term
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Definition
| Whites, including Latinos/as accounted for 69.7 percent of arrest for all offences; blacks had a higher arrest rate for murder and robbery while whites including Latinos/as had higher arrest rates for larceny-theft and fraud. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system comprised of more than 55,000 local, state, and federal agencies that enforce laws, adjudicate crime, and treat and rehabilitate criminals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any action designed to deprive a person of things of value (including liberty) because of some offense the person is thought to have commited. |
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Term
1. Retribution
2. General deterrence
3. Incapacitation
4. Rehabilitation. |
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Definition
| Four Components of Punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| Better education and employment opportunities, affordable housing, more equality and less discrimination, and socially productive activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Work with young children before they become offenders. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Defiance clarifies rules
2.
3. Deviance promotes social change |
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Term
| Deviance promotes social change |
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Definition
1. Defiance clarifies rules
2. Deviance unites a group
3. |
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Term
| Accepts culturally approved goals; pursues them through culturally approved means |
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Definition
| Conformity Method of Adaption |
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Term
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Definition
| Does comformity seek cultures goals? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does comformity follow cultures approved ways? |
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Term
| Accepts culturally approved goals; adopts disapproved means of achieving them |
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Definition
| Innovation Method of Adaption |
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Term
| Abandons society’s goals but continues to conform to approved means |
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Definition
| Ritualism Method of Adaption |
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Term
| Abandons both approved goals and the approved means to achieve them |
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Definition
| Retreatism Method of Adaption |
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Term
| Challenges both the approved goals and the approved means to achieve them |
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Definition
| Rebellion Method of Adaption |
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Term
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Definition
| Does innovation seek cultures goals? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does Ritualism seek cultures goals? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does retreatism seek cultures goals? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does rebellion seek cultures goals? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does Innovation follow cultures approved ways? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does Ritualism follow cultures approved ways? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does retreatism follow cultures approved ways? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does Rebellionism follow cultures approved ways? |
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