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Definition
| a measure of the outcome variable before any treatment is administered |
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| a measure of the outcome variable after the treatment is administered. |
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Definition
have a comparison group and have random assignment to T or C
Have comparison group who does NOT get the treatment. have random assignment to T or C |
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| measurement validity of true experiment |
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Definition
| This is not good in an experiment because it is simulated in a lab and is not in real life situations. |
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| causality:true experiment |
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Definition
| Through control, we get association & time order,Through randomization, we get non-spuriousness |
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| Threats to causality:true experiment (4) |
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| non-comparable groups, endogenous change, exogenous change, treatment misidentification |
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| the T group is not actually equivalent to the C group |
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| natural developments in the subjects that is not caused by the treatment. |
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| other things that happen that are not caused by the treatment. |
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| treatment misidentification |
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| get an extra treatment by accident |
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Definition
| method of creating T&C groups for true experiment where you flip a coin, random number generator.com |
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Definition
| method of creating T&C groups for true experiment where you Match pairs of subjects on things related to outcome, Randomly assign one to T, one to C |
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| block or block group design |
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Definition
| method of creating T&C groups for true experiment where you put similar people in blocks instead of pairs; Randomly ½ of block to T, ½ to C |
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Definition
| Different from true experiments in ONE WAY: Assignment to T vs. C is not random |
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| methods for creating T&C groups for quasi experiments(3) |
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| non-equivalent control group(not randomly assigned to T&C), time series design(before and after), multiple time series(not randomly assigned to T&C) |
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| usually deductive and explanatory, observational as opposed to experimental. |
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| How do surveys deal with spurious variables(2) |
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Definition
§ Experimental: through randomization and control
§ Observational: through statistical “control”, if possible. No control over what happens. |
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| Threats to measurement validity in surveys (3) |
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Definition
Item non-response
Social desirability response
Effect of question order and examples |
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| When is survey data generalizable? |
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Definition
| IF you have a random sample of a population, you can generalize to that population |
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| ways of surveying(modes of administration) |
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Definition
Mail, Phone, In-person, email / web
who might be excluded from the “complete list of people in the population” |
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| where are dependent and independent variables usually located in an article? |
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| Dependent variable usually described in title only, independent variables listed on left side |
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| qualitative research designs |
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Definition
Learn about the social world by going deep into a social setting.
Deep and often personal immersion in data. Trying to study: Detailed social processes like interactions & norms |
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| 8 ways qualitative methods are different from experiments & surveys |
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Definition
1.the kind of data collected is different.
2.frequently (but not always) inductive.
3.more often exploratory – focusing on issues, phenomena, or processes not studied before.
4.focuses on the social context by considering the interrelations between people and the role of social, political, economic, and other institutions.
5.focus on meanings for people involved & on the ways that people understand their surroundings.
6.more studies idiographic causal stories
7.details of the research design sometimes change as the research progresses.
“reflexive” = develop design as a reaction to discoveries and/or needs.
8.The subjective perspective of the researcher is usually acknowledged |
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| In depth interviews. Cross sectional versus panel |
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Definition
| Cross-sectional = interview once, Panel = interview again multiple times |
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| Intensive vs Structured questions in-depth interviews |
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| Intensive = tailor each interview to respondent, Structured = ask each respondent same Q's |
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| measurement validity for in-depth interviews |
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