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Soc of the Family
Exam 1: Chs. 1-3
53
Sociology
Undergraduate 3
02/20/2008

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Term
norm
Definition
a culturally defined rule for behavior
Term
marriage
Definition
a socially approved mating relationship that is expected to be stable and enduring
Term
common-law marriage
Definition
a nonceremonial form of marriage, established by cohabitation or evidence of consummation (sexual intercourse
Term
bigamy
Definition
the act of marrying one person while still legally married to another
Term
family
Definition
an intimate environment in which two or more people live together in a committed relationship, see their identity as importantly attached to the group, and share close emotional ties and functions
Term
fictive kin
Definition
nonrelatives who are accepted as part of a family
Term
nuclear family
Definition
a family made up of a wife, a husband, and their biological or adopted children
Term
incest taboo
Definition
cultural norms and laws that forbid sexual intercourse between close blood relatives, such as brother and sister, father and daughter, or mother and son.
Term
endogamy
Definition
a cultural rule requiring that people marry or have sexual relations only within their own particular group
Term
exogamy
Definition
a cultural rule requiring people to marry outside of their particular group
Term
socialization
Definition
the process of acquiring the language, accumulated knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and values of one's society and culture and learning the social and interpersonal skills needed to function effectively in society
Term
role
Definition
pattern of behavior attached to a particular status, or position, in society
Term
primary group
Definition
important people, such as family members and close friends, characterized by close, long-lasting, intimate, and face-to-face interaction
Term
secondary group
Definition
group characterized by impersonal and short-term relationships in which people work together on common tasks or activities
Term
social class
Definition
a category of people who have a similar standing or rank based on wealth, education, power, prestige, and other valued resources
Term
family of orientation
Definition
the family into which a person is born
Term
family of procreation
Definition
the family a person forms by marrying and having or adopting children
Term
kinship system
Definition
a network of people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption
Term
extended family
Definition
a family in which two or more generations live together or in close proximity
Term
monogamy
Definition
the practice of having only one husband or wife
Term
serial monogamy
Definition
marrying several people, one at a time; that is, marrying, divorcing, remarrying, divorcing again, and so on
Term
polygamy
Definition
a form of marriage in which one woman or one man has two or more spouses
Term
baby boomers
Definition
a person born in the post-World War II generation between 1946 and 1964
Term
micro-level perspective
Definition
a sociological perspective that focuses on small-scale patterns of social interaction in specific settings
Term
macro-level perspective
Definition
a sociological perspective that focuses on large-scale patterns that characterize society as a whole
Term
bundling
Definition
a courting custom in American colonial times in which a young man and woman, both fully dressed, spent the night in bed together, separated by a wooden board
Term
matrilineal
Definition
a kinship system in which children trace their family descent through their mother's line and property is passed on to female heirs
Term
patrilineal
Definition
a kinship system in which children trace their family's descent through their father's line and property is passed on to male heirs
Term
familism
Definition
the notion that family relationships take precedence over the concerns of individual family members
Term
compadrazgo
Definition
a Mexican American family system in which close family friends are formally designated as godparents of a newborn, participate in the child's important rites of passgae, and maintain continuing strong ties with their godchild
Term
machismo
Definition
a concept of masculinity that stresses such attributes as dominance, assertiveness, pride, and sexual prowess
Term
theory
Definition
a set of logically related statements that explain why a phenomenon occurs
Term
ecological theory
Definition
a theoretical perspective that examines the relationship between individuals, family roles, and the social environment
Term
structural-functional theory
Definition
a macro-level theoretical perspective that examines the relationship between the family and the larger society as well as the internal relationships between family members
Term
instrumental role
Definition
in structural-functional theory, the "breadwinner" role of the husband or father, who must be hardworking, tough, and competitive
Term
expressive role
Definition
in structural-functional theory, the supportive and nurturing role of the wife or mother, who must sustain and support the husband or father and children
Term
manifest functions
Definition
functions that are recognized or intended and are clearly present
Term
latent functions
Definition
functions that are not recognized or intended, present but not immediately visible
Term
conflict theory
Definition
a macro-level sociological theory that examines the ways in which groups disagree and struggle over power and compete for scarce resources and that views conflict and its consequences as natural, inevitable, and often desirable
Term
feminist theories
Definition
theoretical perspectives that analyze socially constructed expectations based on variables such as gender roles, social class, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation
Term
quantitative research
Definition
a data-collection in which researchers assign numbers to qualitative (i.e. nonnumeric) observations by counting and measuring attitudes or behavior
Term
qualitative research
Definition
a data-collection process in which researchers rely on observation and interviews and report their findings from the respondent's point of view
Term
symbolic interaction theory
Definition
a micro-level theory that views everyday human interaction as governed by a society's or group's communication of knowledge, ideas, beliefs, and attitudes
Term
family life course development theory
Definition
a micro-level theory that examines the changes that families experience over the lifespan
Term
developmental tasks
Definition
specific role expectations and responsibilities that must be fulfilled as people move through the family life course
Term
family life cycle
Definition
a series of stages, each focusing on a different set of events, that the family goes through from the early days of a marriage to the death of one or both partners
Term
family systems theory
Definition
a theoretical perspective that examines the daily functioning and interactions of family members with each other and the larger society
Term
surveys
Definition
data-collection methods that systematically collect information from respondents by a mailed or self-administered questionnaire or by a face-to-face or telephone interview
Term
clinical research
Definition
the study of individuals or small groups of people who seek help for physical or social problems from mental healthy professionals
Term
field research
Definition
a data-collection method in which researchers collect information by systematically observing people in their natural surroundings
Term
secondary analysis
Definition
analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers
Term
experiment
Definition
a data collection method where researcher investigates presumed cause-and-effect relationships under strictly controlled conditions
Term
evaluation research
Definition
research that assesses the effectiveness of social programs in both the public and private sectors
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