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A set of beliefs, attitudes, and opinions that may or may not be based on scientific evidence.
Ideologies are created by social GROUPS. |
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explains the world only in terms of what goes on inside individuals.
sees social problems as resulting from flaws in individual character. |
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| a collection of ROLES in RELATIONSHIP to one another, forming a coherent whole |
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the way that most people think or talk about a particular issue
OR ...
the way that the people in power think or talk about a particular issue. |
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the way we “construct” reality within a social system, using ideas and symbols (esp. language) to assign meaning…
and it’s the way we habitually behave in relationship to the meaning we have constructed. |
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| what we consider to be true or false |
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| Beliefs that designate what is good/bad, better/ worse |
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| Values that are reinforced with social consequences (rewards, punishments) |
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| they help society work/succeed |
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| they create and preserve inequalities |
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| Reactions -- often with emotional content -- based on beliefs, values, norms. |
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| The physical expression of our beliefs, values, norms, and attitudes. |
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| the culture you come from is the best and better than any other culture |
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| Belief that cultures are equally good but different |
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| The organization of relationships at all levels of society. |
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| the position one holds in a given social system |
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| the degree of honor that a position or group receives within a social system |
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| the collection of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that apply to a position holder (in relationship to other position holders) |
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| the statistical study of human populations, esp. patterns of birth, death, migration |
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| the study of the interaction of people, social systems, and the environment. |
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What is self?
“An individual’s self is the sum total of all they can call theirs.”
Material Self, Social Self, Spiritual Self |
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What is the social basis
of the self’s formation?
“The Looking Glass Self”
1.We imagine how we seem to others
2. We imagine how they judge us
3. We experience a visceral reaction
Then we make internal decisions. |
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What is the Social Basis of Individual Action?
We perform actions, called “social gestures,” in response to others’ actions, after considering the [socially determined] symbolic meaning
of their actions and ours. |
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| the self is constituted by the individual’s conception of his roles on the social scene and the status accorded to those roles. |
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| Johnson (on the formation of the self) |
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| Per Cooley & Mead, we discover ourselves through discovering others and the ideas they have about themselves and us. |
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| known only by their status/role |
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| known by their individual behavior |
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behavior vs action (Johnson, per Mead, on
SELF IN SYSTEMS |
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| everything we do vs. intended gestures based on social meaning |
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| Our actions are like those of an actor with an audience: we try to create certain impressions. |
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the hierarchical layering of society, results when we play out roles that are privileged or disadvantaged,
based on culture (beliefs, values, etc.) |
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| ritualized patterns that contribute to privileging some groups over others |
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| The words are “performative” and can alter reality. [This is socially constructed. |
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| The system will determine (via paths of least resistance) whether or not it is rational to vote. |
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| Capitalism portrays wealth/poverty as the result of individual action. BUT, poverty cannot be eliminated unless the system is changed. |
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| are STRUCTURES (arrangements of statuses) to which CULTURE is attached (beliefs, values, norms, attitudes), creating POPULATION & ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS |
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| said deviance is actually a path of least resistance when there is a gap between shared values and the path to those values |
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| examined the effects of the industrial / capitalist society (not “preindustrial”) on the family unit |
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| Goffman believes that everyone is always playing a role similar to actors and audiences |
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| dissociation between valued goals and legitimate means to those ends; |
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| the amount of relative prestige |
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| allow us to bridge between others meaning and our meaning |
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| symbolic interaction (and who) |
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| Broomer (student of Mead)- believes we create social meaning as we interact with one another |
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