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| a systematic and scientific study of human behavior and social groups and society |
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| emphasizes personality, individuals, and biology |
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| emphasis on past cultures and preindustrial societies |
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| emphasis on political institutions, government, power, and authority |
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| emphasizes people and events of the past |
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| "seeing the strange in the familiar" |
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preconcieved notions can be inaccurate
"why do we shake hands, why do boys have short hair and girls long hair?" |
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| What influenced the development of sociology and why?, |
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Definition
1. industrialization- with inventions literacy rates increased, news/info traveled rapidly, reading became a source of entertainment, news/radio/television/media.
2. urbanization- increased mobility and encouraged people to cross political borders to escape oppressed conditions of pursue opportunites.
3. rise of sciences- universities replaced the church as the primary place for learning |
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| (A. compte) belief that natural science can be used to study social phenomena. the use of observation, experimentation, and historical method to analyze society |
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| (H.Spencer) compared society to a living organism |
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| (H.Spencer) evolution of society and the survival of those within it were directly linked to their ability to adapt to chaging conditions |
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(H.Spencer)
dominant class (bourgeoisie)-the powerful ruling class that gained power bc they owned and controlled means of production.
-the subordinate class (proletariat)- working class whos labor provided most of societies goods and profits. |
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| (M.weber) analyzing what society is rather than what it should be |
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| (M.Weber) a subjective, empathetic, introspective analysis of interaction |
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| mechanical solidarity/ organic solidarity |
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Definition
(E. Durkheim)
mechanical- found in simple rural societies based on tradition and unity.
organic-found in urban societies and based more on a complex division of labor and formal organizations |
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(E Durkheim)
social bonds created with individuals of their society to create social order. Those with stronger social bonds are less likely to commit suicide. |
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| macrolevel analysis/micro level analysis |
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macro-examines broader social cultures and society as a whole.
micro- focuses on day to day interactions of individuals and groups in specific social situations |
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| structural-functional perspective |
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Definition
| views society as a system of interdependent and inter related parts. Each part fulfills a specific function which contributes to the overall functioning of the entire system. |
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| the anticipated or intended consequences of social institutions. |
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| the unintended of unrecognized consequences of social institions |
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| threatens to disrupt social ability and order |
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developed bc of assassinations of JFK, robert kennedy, Dr. MLK jr., the civil rights movement, vietnam war, and poverty focused attention on problems.
-views society as composed of diverse groups of conflicting values and interests.
-weakness=one group over takes another |
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| structural-functional perspective |
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Definition
| views society as a system of interdependent and inter related parts. each part fulfills a specific function and contributes to the overall functioning of the entire system. |
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| Interactionist (symbolic) perspective |
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| views social meaning as arising through a process of social interactions. |
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| Interactionist (symbolic) perspective- definition of situation |
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| the idea that "if people define situations as real they are real in their consequences." |
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| Interactionist (symbolic) perspective- the looking-glass self |
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| refers to the idea that an individuals self-concept is largely a reflection of how he/she is precieved by society. |
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| Interactionist (symbolic) perspective- dramaturgical analysis |
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| uses the analogy of theater to analyze behavior. |
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| Interactionist (symbolic) perspective- the labeling approach |
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Definition
| contends that people attatch various labels to certain behaviors/individuals/ and groups that become part of their social identity and shape their attitudes. |
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