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| disjuncture between culturally defined goals in a society and the institutionalized ways to attain them |
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| Why do individuals conform to social norms? because they are bonded to society |
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| Aspects of indivudals bond to society |
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| attachment, commitment, involvement, belief |
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| the extent to which we have emotional connections to others and care about their wishes and expectations of us. |
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| We sometimes obey rules simply out of fear of consequences. We weigh costs and benefits. |
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| Gottfrefdon and Hirschi say is most common characteristic of criminals |
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| few or meager long-term benefits and easy or simple gratification |
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| Describes the social positions or statuses people occupy (e.g., parent, employee, and student) and the behavioral expectations attached to them (e.g., prepare meals, show up for work, and take tests |
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| relatively stable configuration of statuses, roles, values, and norms that emerge from the basic functional requirements of society |
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| Making individual-level inferences based on aggregate-level data/results |
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| a functional adaptation to life in the inner cities |
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