Term
| What image of crime and victimization do these estimates tend to promote? |
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Definition
| Crime against the state, white collar offenses, hate crimes |
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Term
| Reasons that suspicion is hard for UCR to indicate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do people fail to report crimes to the police? |
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Definition
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Term
| The National Crime Victimization |
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Definition
| NCVS. Samples 500,000 households every year. Looks for people victimized in the past 6 months, victim characteristics, crime characteristics, characters of the perpetrator, and if it was reported. |
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Term
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Definition
| offenders turn in themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| Murder/Nonnegligent homicide, forcible rae, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny/theft, car theft, arson. |
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Term
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Definition
Treason; helping our enemies, giving enemy aid and comfort.
Sedition; advocate the violent overthrow of the government through speeches, writings or agreements
Sabotage; destroy or damaging property
Espionage; spying, to get information for political or military use |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of weapons of mass destruction, acts of terrorism within the country, mass destruction, kidnapping, assassination |
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Term
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Definition
False corporate financial info, transactions made to make more revenue.
linked to unequal status and abuse of trust |
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Term
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Definition
| crimes motivated by prejudice against groups of different race, ethnicity, religion, physical or mental capacity or sexual orientation |
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Term
| Classical (utilitarian) theories |
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Definition
| Theories based on free will and reason. |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals make decisions according to what they BELIEVE is in their self-interest; acting to benefit themselves. Individual motivation |
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Term
| Routine activities theory |
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Definition
| Crimes of opportunity and temptation; suitable target, no capable guardian. |
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Term
Seductions of crime theory
(Foreground forces vs. background forces) |
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Definition
Foreground; immediate causes of committing crime
Background; sociological forces of influences |
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Term
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Definition
| weakness or no rules and social norms, can't distinguish right and wrong, |
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Term
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Definition
| Status frustration, lack of ability to achieve legitimate social and economic success, linked to criminal/delinquent behaviors. Goals worth trying for, social structure block. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning behaviors from other. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement Theory |
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Definition
| Criminal behavior that is initiated and persists and is rewarded, but ignored when punished. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rule breakers by nature, attachment to others opinions, commitment to keep us in line, involvement to keep us out of trouble, strong beliefs will keep us from breaking the rules |
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Term
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Definition
| If identified as a criminal, then they act like a criminal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adults don't have juvenile records, most juvenile delinquents don't commit crimes as adults. |
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Term
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Definition
Crime; development process - trajectory; paths that change development process. transitions; gradual change. turning point; abrupt change.
Mature out of criminal behavior; not a life-persistent criminal, attachment to adult institutions - marriage, good job..etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| crime disapproved by society |
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Term
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Definition
| Law controls lower class, CJ for the wealthy |
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Term
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Definition
Foreground; immediate causes of committing a crime
background; sociological factors or influences |
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Term
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Definition
Men; impact of testosterone, more aggressive
Women; menstruation |
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Term
| Study of neurotransmitters |
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Definition
dopamine; reward
anti-psychotic drugs; increase thoughts of violent
serotonin; correlates to aggression, impulsive behavior, suicide, crime. |
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Term
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Definition
"we are what we eat"
Sugar; influence negative behaviors |
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Term
| Biology and biochemical explanations for crime |
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Definition
Hard to say that crime is biologically determined.
Electroencephalograms; EEG, epilepsy, abnormal EEG in convicted murders and sociopaths |
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Term
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Definition
No direct impact on crime.
Low IQ; not all people commit crimes |
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Term
| Sociological theories vs Biological/psychological perspectives |
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Definition
ST; behavior with the influence of other people/society
BP/PP; effect of behavior on the brain |
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Term
| Social process theories vs. Social structure theories |
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Definition
SPT; criminal behavior acted upon influence of surroundings/personal events.
SST; behavior expected within a social network |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintain an urban environment in good condition will decrease vandalism and crime. |
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Term
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Definition
| criminal law enforcement, order maintenance, public service, peace keeping. |
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Term
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Definition
Adventure/machismo; problem seekers or those wary of danger
Safety; pro-police, anti-police.
Competence; maintain control of situation. Morality; struggle between good/evil Solidarity; danger, authority, power to use force. Law and departmental rules; defines order, problems, how to respond to situations. |
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Term
| Modern policing vs. Past policing |
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Definition
Past; night watch, cheap.
Modern; management/organizations, units, |
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Term
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Definition
| Judgment used a lot of the times, some guidance, but impossible to predict situation. |
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Term
| Structure of police departments |
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Definition
| Bureaucratic, centralized, strong rule-orientations, careers, job descriptions, explicit job requirements, scalar chain of command, unity of command. |
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Term
| Recruitment, selection, training |
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Definition
Interview, medical exam, drug test, pyschological eval, physical agility, written aptitude test, personality inventory, polygraph, voice stress analyzer, second language ability.
Police academy. Field training.
Personality; danger, authority, and power to use force.
Denied; criminal record, background checks |
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Term
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Definition
| respect for officer's power to use force; accomplish order maintenance and public service missions |
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Term
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Definition
Not reporting officer misconduct/abuse.
Common throughout nation, excessive use of force for frequent situations, most are leaders. |
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Term
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Definition
more stress, discrimination, challenge.
Research; more suicide rates, alcoholism, divorce.
Shooting incidents; guilt, anxiety, fear, nightmares, insomnia. |
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Term
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Definition
Formal; written rules of the academy,
Informal; how to behave
police defensiveness and depersonalization; Defensive and develop defensiveness |
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Term
| Gender model of police attitudes |
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Definition
| differences in attitude between women and men because of their different early socialization into gender roles |
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Term
| Job model of police attitudes |
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Definition
| women and men don't differ in attitudes toward work because socialization overrides prior socialization into gender roles |
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Term
| Bill of rights and Criminal procedure |
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Definition
| Limits government power on crime, |
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