Term
| What are the processes that produce population change? |
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Definition
| Population changes as a result from fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration |
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Term
| What is the malthusian perspective? |
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Definition
| Population growth would lead to over population resulting in a food shortege and poverty |
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Term
| What are the views of Karl Marx and neo-malthusians on over population? |
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Definition
| Marx said poverty is the result of capitalist greed. Neo-malthusians reemphisized the dangers of over population and promote zero population growth |
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Term
| What are the stages in demographic transition theory? |
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Definition
1) The pre-industrial age, high birth rates and death rates
2) Early-industrialization, high birth rates and a decline in death rates
3) Advance-indistrialization and urbanization, low birth and death rates
4) Post-industrialization, additional decrease in birth rate coupled with a steady death rate |
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Term
| What are the three functionalist models of urban growth? |
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Definition
1) Concentric zone model, city as a series of circular areas, each characterized by a diffrent type of land use
2) Sector model, describes urban growth in terms of terrain and transportation routes
3) Multiple nuclei model, cities have numerous centers of development from which growth radiates. |
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Term
| What is the political economy model/conflict perspective on urban growth? |
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Definition
| Urban growth is influenced by capital investment decisions, class and class conflict, and government subsidy programs |
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Term
| How do symbolic interactionists view urban life? |
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Definition
| Focuses on how people experience urban life. Some analysists view the experience positively; others believe that urban dwellers become insensitive to events and to people around them |
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Term
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Definition
| The numbe of children average women has |
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Term
| Situation where fertility rate falls less then 2, but population sustains because many women have the ability to bear children |
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Definition
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Term
| What theory states that countries will adjust to reduced death rates, by reducing births, to stabilize population growth to replacement levels. |
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Definition
| Demographic transition theory |
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Term
| Why do women in the least developed countries have the most kids? |
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Definition
| Women have no alternative role, and thier is a high status for fatherhood. Society and religous values support large families. Children are net providers and are saftey nets for the parents. |
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Term
| Why are there lower birth rates in developed countries? |
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Definition
| Children are not an economical advantege. Women have alternative roles and self concept is not totally dependent upon parenthood. |
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Term
| What do American and Northern European countries do to increase population growth? |
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Definition
| Decrease the burdon of child rearing |
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Term
| Middle or upper middle class communities in semi-rural areas that eventually take over rural communities |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the classic american view on urbanism in the U.S.? |
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Definition
| It leads to moral decay, mental illness, suicide, crime, and all sorts of perversions |
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Term
| What did P.Hamser's research show? |
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Definition
| That in urbanized cities in Asia there was no increase in crime, deminishment of famliy and tradition, no pronounced lonliness. |
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Term
| The outsourcing of American manufacturing and maitence is the result of what? |
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Definition
| The impact of off-shoring |
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Term
| Tremendous profits, large firms with more cost effective facilities and lower labor costs, loss of jobs, and deskilled jobs are the result of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The transformation from nomadic life to living in setteld, densely populated areas |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Greek and Roman cities thrive? |
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Definition
| Thier engineers developed sophisticated transportation, water, and sanitation systems allowing for larger concentrations of people. |
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Term
| Why were Feudal cities unsuccessful? |
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Definition
| Technology declined, poor sanitation and infostructure, less abundent food supplies, and disease. Cities became small fortresses. |
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Term
| The time from the mid 1800's on where there was a need for dense concentration of people to work in factories. Cities were dicksian. |
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Definition
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Term
| Public health advances, enhanced transportation systems, and technological inovations led to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The conflict perspective on political order states what? |
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Definition
| The most important decisions are made by the power elite. Based on american belief that whats good for business is whats good for the U.S. Foreign policy premised on promoting American corporations. |
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Term
| The perspective that nature is created for human use and has no value except to contribute to human existence. |
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Definition
| Judeo-Christian perspective |
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Term
| Humans dont know the reasson why some animals are here, but god put them there for a reasson |
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Definition
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Term
| The perspective that all living creatures live in a equilibrium and by upseting one part of the system ramifications will occur throught the rest |
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Definition
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Term
| The compulsion to consume is built up of what? |
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Definition
| The movement to modern thought of net worth=self worth. Advertising target at young people and children. |
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Term
| The theory by J.Ellul that states we create technology to serve our needs but it becomes our master and we serve its needs. Efficency becomes goal instead of human satisfaction. |
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Definition
| Technological Determinism |
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Term
| What are the three enviromental problems? |
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Definition
1) Population size
2) Consumption rates
3) Technology |
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Term
| What is the political system that is supported by powerful elite where all power is invested into one person and supports the status quo? |
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Definition
| Traditional Autocratic (including monarchy) |
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Term
| What is the political order that is ruled by a select group committed to an ideology whose goal is to create a new sense of identity among citizens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the political order where there is constitutional procedures for changing leaders, majority rule, and a representive government? |
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Definition
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Term
| What political system believes the best government is the least government. checks and balances, aswell as safegaurds to protect individuals rights are needed. States and minoritie rights should be protected. |
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Definition
| The American political system |
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