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soc 122-026
vocab
83
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2008

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Term
blended family
Definition
a family formed when at least one of the marriage partners had been married before and had one or more children from a previous marriage.
Term
bourgeoisie
Definition
members of a society who own the means for producing wealth
Term
capitalism
Definition
an economic system founded on the canctity of private property and the right of indicifuals to profit from thier labor
Term
caste system
Definition
the type of stratification structure in which there is no social movement because social status is inherited and cannot be changed
Term
central city dilemma
Definition
the concentration of a large population in need of public services but without the tax gnerated income to provide them
Term
charter schools
Definition
publicly funded schools that operate like private schools but have public schoolteachers and administrators.
Term
city
Definition
a dense and permanent concentration of people living in a limited geographical area who fgain their living primarily through nonagricultural activites.
Term
class conflict
Definition
the conflict between those controlling the means for producing wealth and those laboring or them.
Term
coercion
Definition
social interaction where individuals or groups are forced to give in to the will of other idividuals or groups.
Term
cognitive ability
Definition
the capacity for thinking abstractly
Term
collective behavior
Definition
the relativley spontaneous and unstructured social behavior of people who are responding to similiar stimuli
Term
community
Definition
a concentration of people who live within a limited gergraphical area and whose social relationships fulfill major social and economic needs.
Term
cocentric zone theory
Definition
a description of ther process of urban growth empasizing circular areas that deelop from the central city outwards
Term
conflict theory
Definition
the theoretical perspective that emphasizes conflict, competition, change, and constraint within society.
Term
conglomerate
Definition
a network of unrelated business operating under a single corporate umbrella.
Term
conspicous consumption
Definition
the consumption of goods and services to display ones wealth.
Term
government
Definition
the political structure that rules a nation.
Term
gross migration rate
Definition
the annual number of persons per one thousand members of a population who enter or leave a geographical area.
Term
group marraige
Definition
the form of marriage in which two or more men are married to two or more women at the same time
Term
hate crime
Definition
a criminal act moticated by prejudice
Term
health maintance organization
Definition
health plans in which members pay set fees on a regular basis and in reture recieve all necessary health care at little or no additional fees.
Term
hidden curricualm
Definition
the educational curriculam that transmits to children a cariety of nonacademic values norms beliefs and attitudes.
Term
hidden curricualm
Definition
the educational curriculam that transmits to children a cariety of nonacademic values norms beliefs and attitudes.
Term
homogamy
Definition
the tendency to marry someone similiar to oneself based on personal prefrence
Term
horticulture society
Definition
a society that solves the subsistence problem primarily through the domestication of animals
Term
hospitals
Definition
organizations provide special medical care for those who continue to live at home and others who reside in the hospitals for a prolonged period of time
Term
hunting and gathering society
Definition
a society that solves the subsistence problem through hunting naimals and gathering wild fruits and vegetables
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a tentative testable statement of a relationship between particualr variables
Term
ideal-type method
Definition
a method that involves isolating the most basic charachteristics of some social entity
Term
imitation stage
Definition
the development stage during which according to mead a child imitates the physical and verbal behavior of a significant other without comprehending the meaning of what is being imitated
Term
intergenerational mobility
Definition
social mobility that occurs from one generation the the next
Term
interorganizational relationship
Definition
a pattern of iteration among authorized representatives of two or more formally independent organizations
Term
interview
Definition
a set of questions asked by a trained interviewer
Term
invention
Definition
the creation of a new element by combining two or more already existing elements and creating new rules for their use and unique combination
Term
income
Definition
the amount of money recieved within a given time period by an individual or group.
Term
indirect institutionalized discrimination
Definition
unintentional behavior that negatively affects a racial or ethnic minority
Term
individualistic capitalism
Definition
the type of capitalism founded on the principles of self interest the free market, profit maximization, and the highest return possible on the stockholders investment.
Term
informal sanctions
Definition
rewards and punishments that must be applied by most members of a group
Term
in group
Definition
a group towards which one feels intense identification and loyalty
Term
institutionalized discrimination
Definition
discrimination that results from unfair practives that are part of the structure of society and have grown out of traditionally accepted bahaviors
Term
dual labor market
Definition
the existence of a split between core a peripheral segments of the economy and the division of the labor force into prefered and marginalized workers.
Term
dysfunction
Definition
a negative consequence of some element of a society
Term
economy
Definition
the institution designed for the production and distribution of goods and services.
Term
educational equality
Definition
when schooling produces the same results for lower class and minority as it does for other children.
Term
emergant norm theory
Definition
the theory of crowd behavior that stresses the similarity between typical everyda social behavior and crowd behavior.
Term
epidemiology
Definition
the study of disease distribution within a population
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
the tencency o judge others in relation to onesown cultural standards
Term
exogamy
Definition
mate selection norms requiring individuals to marry someone outside their kin
Term
experimental group
Definition
the group in an experimentexposed to the experimental variable
Term
exponential growth
Definition
when the absolite growth of a population that occurs within a given time period becomes part of the base for the growth rate in the next time period.
Term
false consciuosness
Definition
acceptance of a system that works agianst ones own interests.
Term
family resiliency
Definition
the capacity of the family to emerge from crises as stronger and more resourceful
Term
feminaztion of peverty
Definition
more of the people living in poverty are women and children.
Term
fertility rate
Definition
the number of annual births per onethousand women from the ages of 15-45
Term
field research
Definition
not able to be measured through quantitative methods and are best understood in natural settings.
Term
folways
Definition
norms with moral overtones
Term
formal demography
Definition
he branch of demography that deals with gathering collecting analyzing and presenting population data.
Term
for profit schools
Definition
schools ran byprivate companies on goernment funds.
Term
game stage
Definition
according to mead the stage of development during which children learn to consider the roles of several people at the same time.
Term
generalized other
Definition
an intergrated perception of the norms values and beliefs of ones society
Term
gentrification
Definition
the development of low income ares by middle class home buyers and developers.
Term
gerontocracy
Definition
the society where the elderly hold the greatest share of the scarce desirables
Term
gesellschaft
Definition
tonnies term for the type of society characterized by weak family ties and imperson relationships.
Term
contingent employees
Definition
individuals hired on a part time or contract based.
Term
culture
Definition
a peoples way of life consisting of material objects as well as the patterns of thinking feeling and behaving that is passed from generation to generation among members of society.
Term
de facto subjugation
Definition
subjugation based on comon everyday social practieces
Term
de sure subjugation
Definition
subjugation based on the law
Term
democracy
Definition
the type of political system in whichelected officials are held responsible for fulfilling the goals of the majorit of the electorate.
Term
democratic control
Definition
the form of control in which authority is split evenly between husband and wife.
Term
demographic transition
Definition
the process by which a population gradually moves from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates as a result of economic development.
Term
demography
Definition
the scientific study of population.
Term
denomination
Definition
one of several religious organizations that members of a society accept as legitimate
Term
dependency ratio
Definition
the proportion of thoase in the dependency ages relative to those who are economically active
Term
dependent variable
Definition
a variable in which a change can be observed
Term
desocialization
Definition
the process of relinquishing old norms values attitudes and behaviors.
Term
detterence
Definition
intimidation of members of society into compliance with requirements of the legal system.
Term
differential association theory
Definition
the theory that deciant behavior is learnes that the more individuals are exposed to people who break the law the more likely they are to become criminals.
Term
direct institutuionalized discrimination
Definition
organization or commnity actions intended to deprive a racial or ethnic monority its rights
Term
discovery
Definition
the social process of learning somethin or reinterpreting something
Term
dispersed collectivities
Definition
particiapnts in the less structured forms of collective behavior such as rumors panics and fads.
Term
divorce rate
Definition
Term
dramaturgy
Definition
the symbolic inteactionist approach that depicts social life as theatre.
Term
drives
Definition
inpulses to do something to reduce discomfort
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