Term
|
Definition
| formal and informal: family, education, media, social class, peers, race/ethnicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| approach to defining deviance that rests on the assumption that all human behavior can be considered either inherently good or inherently bad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to restore order and repair a damaged identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an assertion designed to forestall any complaints or negative reactions to a behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid social change creates a normative vacuum; people search for new norms and guidelines |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of organizations |
|
Definition
common language
Internalized rules, values, and beliefs
Not all rules can be taken literally must be flexible; combination of formal structural rules and informal patterns of behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large hierarchical organization that is governed by formal rules and regulations and that has a clear specification of work tasks |
|
|
Term
| Conflict persepctive and deviance |
|
Definition
definition of and response to deviance is often a form of social control exerted by more powerful groups
who or what is labeled depends on power of groups and individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| being of the property-owning class and exploitive of the working class |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| working class, unskilled labor, do manual work for pay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
people in lower classes come to accept a belief system that prevents revolution
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
if workers become aware of their idenity as an exploited class Marx hypothesized that it would lead to revolution
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
influences identity portrayals of impression management by which people attempt to present a favorable public image
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opposed to dominant culutre. Used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a cultural group or subculutre.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the principle that people's beliefs and activites should be interpreted in terms of their own culture
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
n act committed by a person or group of persons that goes against the established laws of society; criminal
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an individual or group of individuals may be slightly non-conformist to the general trend of societ; however, their behavior does not constitue and illegal act
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of social life as theater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where appropriate appearance is maintained |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where preparation for performance is made and where impression management can be relaxed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idea that inequality of condition is acceptable so long as everyone has the same opportunities for advancement and is judged by the same standards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idea that everyone should have an equal starting point from which to pursue his or her goals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| notion that everyone is a society should end up with the same rewards regardless of his starting point, opportunities, or contributions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rules specify marriage within one's social group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to evaluate other cultures using one's own culture as a standard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rules specify an individual must marry outside certain groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibition of sexual relations between culturally specified relatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| your parent and possibly siblings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| our life mates and our own children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a politically based system of stratification in which high status groups own land and have power based on birth, little social mobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system of stratification based on hereditary notions of religious and theological purity and generally offers no prospects for social mobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an economically based system of stratification characterized by somewhat loose social mobility and categories based on roles in the production process rather than individual characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency for people to refrain from contributing to the common good when a resource is available without requiring any personal cost or contribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perspective of the larger society and its constituent values and attitudes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| media, education, economics, and religion are becoming global |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subgroup of a triad when two members unite against a third |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| together over a relatively long period; member have direct contact and feel emotional attachment to one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relatively impersonal collection of individuals that is established to perform a specific task |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| humans are divided into innately different groups, some of which are biologically inferior |
|
|
Term
| individualistic explanations |
|
Definition
| attributing people's achievement and failures to their personal qualities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of established laws, customs and practices that systematically reflect and produce racial inequalities in society, whether or not the individuals maintaing these practices have racist intentions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interpret actions of others toward us as mirrors in which we see ourselves or our perception of how we appear to another person |
|
|
