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soc 100
chapter 5
33
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
10/27/2009

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Term
correspondence principle
Definition
the tendency of schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to prepare students for the type of job typically held by members of their class
Term
creationism
Definition
a literal interpretation of the Bible regarding the creation of humanity and the universe used to argue that evolution should not be presented as established scientific fact
Term
credentialism
Definition
an incream in the lowest level of education required to enter a field
Term
denomination
Definition
a large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government
Term
ecclesia
Definition
a religious organization that claims to include most or all members of a society, and is recognized as the national or official religion.
Term
hidden curriculum
Definition
standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools
Term
intelligent design
Definition
the idea that life is so complex
Term
cult
Definition
a small secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an exisiting faith.
Term
profane
Definition
the ordinary and commonplace elements of life, as distinguished from the sacred
Term
protestant ethic
Definition
max webers term for the disciplined work ethic, the worldly concerns, and rational orientation to life emphasized by john calvin and his followers
Term
religion
Definition
a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.
Term
religious ritual
Definition
a practice required or expected of members of a faith
Term
sacred
Definition
elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect,and even fear
Term
sect
Definition
a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it considers the original vision of faith
Term
secularization
Definition
the process through which religions;s influence on other social institutions diminishes.
Term
bilateral descent
Definition
a kinship system in which both sides of a persons family are regarded as equally important
Term
egalitarian family
Definition
an authority pattern in which spouses are regarded as equals
Term
endogamy
Definition
the restriction of mate selection to people within the same group
Term
exogamy
Definition
the requirement that people select mates outsiede certain groups
Term
familism
Definition
pride in the extended family, expressed throughthe maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk outside the immediate family
Term
family
Definition
a set of people related by blood marriage or some other agreed upon relationship adoption who share the primary responsibilitty for reproduction and caring for members of society
Term
homogamy
Definition
the conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own.
Term
incest taboo
Definition
the prohibitation of sexual relationshipsbetween certain culturally specified relatives
Term
kinship
Definition
the state of being related to others
Term
matirarchy
Definition
a society in which women dominate in family decision making
Term
matrillineal descent
Definition
a kinship system in which only the relatives of the mother are significant
Term
monogamy
Definition
a form of marriage in which one woman and one man are married only to eachother
Term
nuclear family
Definition
a married couple and their unmarried children living together
Term
patriacrchy
Definition
a society in which men dominate in family decision making
Term
patrillineal descent
Definition
a kinship system in which only the relatives of the father are significant.
Term
polyandry
Definition
a form of polygamy in which a woman may have more than one husband at one time
Term
polygamy
Definition
a form of marriage in which an individual can have several husbands at the same time.
Term
polygyny
Definition
a form of polygamy in which a man may have more than one wife at the same time.
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