Term
| an area or center of low atmosphere pressure characterized by rotating winds are called ____________. winds in the north hemisphere blow in a ____________ rotation. in the southern hemisphere cyclones rotate ___________ due to the coriolis effect. cyclonews rarely develop within _____________ of the equator. |
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Definition
cyclones
counter clockwise
clockwise
5 |
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Term
| what term which describes cyclones outside of the tropics are known as ____________. __________ cyclones form over warm tropical water or sub tropical water, typically between 5 degress and 20 degress lattitude. is this associated with fronts and warm central cores? |
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Definition
extratropical
tropical cyclones
no |
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Term
extratropical cyclones develop over land or water in temperate regions, typically between _______ and _______ lattitide
cyclone intensity is indicated by their sustained_______ and lowest atmospheric______________. |
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Definition
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Term
what are the 3 major weather systems, and what are their hazards.
extratropical cyclones cause_________, heavy rains, and ______ of rising seawater on both W/E coasts of the U.S. during the cooler months ___________ and ___________ occur. |
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Definition
tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes
strong windstorms
surges
snowstorms
blizzards |
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Term
extratropical storms rusually cause the most severe weather ?
where do storms derive energy?
latent heat that is released as riseing air __________ to form _________.
where do extratropical cyclones gain energy from ___________ on eitheir side of a front. |
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Definition
No, they do not produce the most severe weather.
warm ocen water
horizontal temperature contrast |
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Term
most extratropical cyclones are fed by _____________ at the surfaec and another flow of coll, dry air aloft.
when cyclones move over land or cooler water they lose their original source of heat.T/F |
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Definition
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Term
a noreaster describes an extratriopical cyclone which tracks __________ along the _________ coast of the U.S and Canada.
in the Atlantic and eastern pacific tropical cyclones are called____________ and in the pacific ocean they are known as___________ |
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Definition
Northward
East
hurricanes
typhoons |
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Term
hurricanes are classified by their __________, and a damage assesment scale called the _____________.
can a hurricanes category change as it intensifies or weakens T/F |
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Definition
wind speed
saffir-simpson hurricane scale
T |
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Term
extratroopical cycloons thta become snowstorms ar named for the ______________ where thy are from.
tropical depressions that become tropical storms and hurricanes are given individual names by government ___________.
what are the three sources for cyclone names? |
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Definition
geographical location
forecasting centers
names of saints, phonetic alphabets, forecasters girlfriends names. |
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Term
| a tropical ccvlone is a general term for large _______________ complexes rotating around an area of ___________ that has formed over warm tropical or __________ ocean water. |
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Definition
thunderstorm
low pressure
subtropical |
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Term
low intesnity tropical cyclones are called_______ and _______. high intensity tropical storms are named ________. to be classified as a hurricane it must have wind speeds of ______ MPH.
hurricanes can only form over sea water that is ________ degree farenheit |
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Definition
tropical depressions
tropical storms
hurricanes
74
80 |
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Term
| a tropical disturbance is an area of ____________ weather typically ___________ to _____ km in diameter and has an organized mass of ____________ that last for over 24 hours, this is assosiated with an area of low pressure called a ___________. |
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Definition
unsettled
200
600
thunderstorms
through |
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Term
converging/diverging winds that develop in the tropics are called ____________.
a tropical disturbance may become a tropical depression if winds________ and ____ arounds the area of disturbed weather to form a low pressure cenetr. |
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Definition
easterly waves
increase
spiral |
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Term
when winds reach _____ mph they are called tropical storms.
if the winds continues to increase it may become a ________.
what are the three conditions for hurricane devellopment? |
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Definition
39
hurricane
sea water is 80 degress farenheit, atmosphere must cool fast enough from the surface upward to allow moist air to continue to the unstable air and convect, must be little vertical air shear |
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Term
clouds that spiral around a hurricane are reffered to as ___________ and contasin numerous ____________.
the most intensewinds and rainfall occur in the ________ of clouds known as the eyewall.
tall clouds ________miles high are called ____________ caN develop __________ hours before a storm. |
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Definition
rain bands
thunderstorms
innermost bands
7
hot towers
6 |
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Term
a hurricanes eyewall surrouinds a circular area of nearly calm winds and brocken clouds known as the ________.
in the eye wall as the air rises it loses ___________ as clouds form and air becomes drier. This upward spirtaling rotation draWS Air aloft to ___________ in the center of the storm.
outward flowing air at the top is called the ___________, and is critical for the hurricanes survival. |
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Definition
eye
moisture
sink downward
exhasut jet |
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Term
movement of the hurricanes is controled by the _________________, which deflects the storm to the ____________ in the northern hemisphere, and by sterring winds that are ________ to __________ MPH.
deviatations from the hurricanes track are generally strong. T/F |
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Definition
corriolous effect
right
5
7
F, they are weak |
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Term
in the N.Atlantic hurricane tracks are influenced by location and size of the _________, and wehich is a persistant high pressure anticyclone that remains anchored in the ___________ during the summert and early fall.
what is the forward speed of a hurricane ?
towaRD THE END OF a hurricanes life the winds speed is between _________ MPH. |
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Definition
Bermuda High
North Atlantic
12 - 17 MPH
74 to 93 |
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Term
what three factors favor hurricane development?.
where are the strongest winds / most intesne rainfall situated ?
hurricanes get most of their energy from the ____________ and subsequent _____________ of warm tropical or _____________ and weaken when they travel over _______. |
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Definition
thick layer of warm air at sea surface, warm/mosit air is free to rise upward to the troposphere, upper level winds are relatively weak .
the eyewall
evaporation/condensation
subtropical
land |
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Term
what are 2 key ingrediant for a cyclone to form __________.
where are temperature gradiants generally strongest? |
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Definition
strong temperature gradiant in air near surface, strong winds in upper troposphere.
along cold, warm, stationary fronts |
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Term
what are the two jet streams in the northwern hemisphere?
the polar jet stream shifts from a path crossing the conterminous U.S in the winter to the crossing of S. Canada. the migration causes ____________2_______ |
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Definition
polar jet stream / subtropical jet stream
severe thunderstrom and tornadoes |
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Term
large high pressure ridges and low pressure throughs in the upper troposphere cause jet streams to bend ________ or ______ of their usual path, producing long ___________or waves in their flow.
xtratropical cyclones often develop in an area where jet stream winds ___________cyclonically or ______________. |
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Definition
north
south
meanders
curve
diverge |
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Term
bending or splitting can cause the polar jet astream to dip ____ and the subtropical jet stream to flow _____ into the conterminous U.S.
extratrropical cycvlones that his the u.s west coast often __________ as they cross the _________Mountains and then deepen and strengthn as they enter the ____________ |
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Definition
southward
northeastward
weaken
Rocky
plains |
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Term
most extratropical cyclones start as _________ pressure centers along a frontal boundary.
the Northern hemisphere cyclones are counterclockwise circulating low pressure centers that develop where the jet strwam crosses a _______ or _________ front. |
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Definition
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Term
tropical cyclones have the greatest impact on ________ with warm offshore waters. What is the biggest threat to the U.S east coast ?
where do hurricanes that strike the U.S east coast form?
most hurricanes which threaten the east / gulf coasts take what three possible tracks? |
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Definition
eastern U.S
hurricanes
off the african coast
west toward florida, west to cuba or guld of mexico, westweard to carribean and than northeastward to the east coast. |
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Term
the threat to New England is often overestimated T/F.
the northwest pacific generally has ___________ times the number of hurricanes as the North atlantic, and the pacific oceans / indian oceans.
severe weather from extratropical cyclones is greatest in the ___________ of the continent. |
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Definition
false, it is underestimated
three
interrior |
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Term
| three other effect of cyclones are __________3___________ |
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Definition
| storm surge, high winds, heavy rains |
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Term
| storm surge is the ___________ rise of seawater that usually results fromn water that is pushed __________ the shore by the wind that swirls around a ________. surges can rach ___________Ft high. |
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Definition
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Term
| for most hurricanes in the northern hemisphere. the storm is ghreatest in the___________ quadrant of the storm as it makes landfall. the height of the__________ is generally greateset near the time of maximum ____________ speed and is also greater if lanfall takesa place at __________. |
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Definition
right forward
surge
wind speed
high tide |
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Term
the two mechanisism in an intense cyclone that can cause the storm surge are?
what along the coastline affect storm surge?
resonance is when the wave __________ |
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Definition
the stress excerted by by wind on the water surface
low atmospheric pressure in the storm the sucks up the sea surface.
storm surge
sloshs back and forth |
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Term
a storm surge is a continual increase in sea level as the storm approachs ____________. damage from the storm surge comes from the large storm waves that are superimposed upon the _______________.
sand eroded from the beach and coastal sand dunes is carried landward by the storm surge and forms depositis known as _______. |
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Definition
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Term
when hurricanes make landfall their windspeeds receed and is reduced to half within ____________hrs.
they do not lose all their strength but instead transition to become _______________, and possibly inxcrreasing windspeed.
transition may occur if a dying hurricane merges with an upper levl extratropical cyclone or ________, or it rapidly moves from warm to cold weatgher.
in the central U.S and canada extratropical cyclones are responsiblr for high winds in _________ and ____________. |
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Definition
7
extratropical cyclones
cold front
blizzards
tornadoes |
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Term
how much water a day does a hurricane produce ?
heavy rains only occur with cyclones of higher intensity T/F.
inland flooding occurs with heavy rains, and what 4 factors supplement its damage? |
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Definition
apprx a trillion
F , occur with low intesnity
storm speed, changes in land elevation, interaction with other weather systems, amount of water in soil |
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Term
some of the fastest rates of coastal erosion occur during the lanfall of __________.
sometiomes ersoion damaged beaches are replaced with __________.
during cyclones only saltwater flooding occurs T/F.
weak steering winds cause storms to stagnate in the same area for a prolonged period of time causing ___________.
hurricanes may generate downbursts of _______winds with speeds of mor than __________mph and numerous tornadfoes. |
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Definition
cyclones
fair weather conditions
false, both occur
flooding
precipitation driven
100 |
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Term
hurricanes and extropical cyclones do what natural service function ?
winds also contribut to what in the environment? |
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Definition
provide much needed precipitation
the carrying of plants and animals to far away places. |
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Term
| seawalls contribute to the _____________ of beachs, and improperly attached building materials can become ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
stalites cannot accuratly detect wind speed and other conditions within a storm T/F.
what kind of aircraft fly into storms to collect data?
doppler radar can collect data of a hurricane within _______ miles of the U.S including windspeed, rainfall, and diraction |
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Definition
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Term
forecasts of the ____________ and __________ of cyclones making landfall on coastlines are used to help predict the ____________ and ___________ of the storm surge.
how do forecasters predict th time of day when a stomr will make landfall? |
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Definition
track
intesnity
height
extent
additional water is piled up |
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Term
| what is the acronym for the airborne laser surveying technique? this can predict what two things of the storm surge? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| these two computer programs take into account the forecast cantral atmosphereic pressure of the storm, its size, forward speed, track, forecast wind speed, and sea floor topography . |
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Definition
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Term
| hurricane relief and hurricane damage prevention is done through ____________. |
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Definition
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