Term
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Definition
medial condyle is longer, narrower and deviates more from the midline than the lateral condyle
medial condyle facilitates the screw-home mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
unstable joint in comparison to the ankle and hip joints
more stable in extension than flexion
ginglymus (hinged) joint
primarily a sagittal plane joint - flexion/extension |
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Term
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Definition
the femur will roll and glide during knee flexion to allow the knee to flex without impinging on the posterior tibial plateu
allows the knee joint to get more flexion
is somewhat impeded by the cruciate ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
external rotation of the tibia on the femur during the last 15-20 degree of extension - OKC
internal rotation of the femur on the tibia - CKC
increases osseous stability of the knee joint |
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Term
| anterior thigh muscle function |
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Definition
extend the knee in OKC motion
pull thigh over stationary tibia in CKC motion |
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Term
| tensor fascia lata function |
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Definition
| abducts and externally rotates the tibia on the femur in OKC |
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Term
posterior thigh muscle function
hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosis, biceps femoris) and popliteus |
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Definition
strong knee joint flexors in OKC
action occurs mainly during swing phase
do very little in CKC |
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Term
| muscle function during gait - contact phase |
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Definition
knee joint is flexed to absorb shock
hamstrings contract to flex the knee
quadriceps contract to keep knee from buckling - counteract the hamstrings |
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Term
| muscle function during gait - midstance phase |
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Definition
| quadriceps continue to contract and extend the knee - quad action is no longer needed when body mass passes over the knee joint |
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Term
| muscle function during gait - propulsive phase |
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Definition
| hamstrings start to flex the knee preparing for swing phase |
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Term
| muscle function during gait - swing phase |
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Definition
hamstrings flex knee to allow foot to clear the ground
knee extends the rest of the phase preparing for contact
hamstrings contract to counteract the quads and keep the knee from fully extending |
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Term
| most stable position for the ankle joint |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
8 degrees from transverse plane
20-30 degrees from frontal plane
roughly perpendicular to sagittal plane |
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Term
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Definition
dorsiflexion - foot moves toward the tibia
plantarflexion - foot moves away from the tibia |
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Term
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Definition
dorsiflexion - tibia moves anterior over planted foot
plantarflexion - tibia moves posterior over planted foot |
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Term
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Definition
dorsiflexion - 10 degrees or more
plantarflexion - 45 degrees or more |
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Term
| ankle joint - minimum ROM needed for gait |
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Definition
dorsiflexion - 10 degrees
plantarflexion - 20 degrees |
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Term
| ankle joint motion - swing phase |
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Definition
| anterior group muscles dorsiflex the ankle to allow the toes to clear the ground |
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Term
| most common rotational deformity encountered |
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Definition
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Term
| intrauterine fetal position |
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Definition
| promotes internal leg rotation, which must be corrected for proper gait to occur |
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Term
| adult malleolar positioning |
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Definition
18-23 degrees of external rotation
anything less than this is called "internal tibial torsion" |
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