Term
| Uncertainty Reduction Theory |
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Definition
Attacks how/why people resolve problems
-People hate uncertainty, strive to reduce it, EGO stops us
- 3 strategies to resolve uncertainty (Passive, active, interpersonal)
- Stages of relational development (Entry, personal, exit)
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Term
| Stages of relational development |
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Definition
- Entry: Behavioral norms of meeting an individual
- Personal: Explore each others attitudes/ behaviors
- Exit: Make decision to stay or go |
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Term
| 3 strategies to resolve uncertainty |
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Definition
Passive: observe situation from afar
Active: Seek information from a third party
Interpersonal: Talk to person (Most successful) |
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Term
| Social Exchange theory (3) |
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Definition
Economic approach to relationships (Cost/benefit)
- Humans seek rewards/avoid punishment
- Humans are rational (Logic vs. emotion)
- People calculate the worth of a relationship by subtracting its costs and rewards |
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Term
| Social Penetration Theory (Onion Theory) |
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Definition
- Relationships develop and interpret communication moves from shallow to intimate because of self-disclosure
- Relational développement (5)
-Public outer shell/inner core
- Breadth vs. Depth |
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Term
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Definition
Breadth: Subjects/topics evaluated
Depth: How deep an individual goes into a topic |
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Term
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Definition
- Orientation: Small talk, get to know
- Exploratory affective: Share opinions on issues of moderate topics
- Affective: Personal/Private matters, risk of criticism exists
- Stable: comfortable sharing deepest things and predictions occur
- De-penetration: Costs exceed benefits and relationship dies |
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Term
| Relational Dialectics (Tension) theory |
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Definition
Composed of complex series of internal tensions (Relationships) through dialogue and action we seek to resolve tensions (Compromise)
- Openness vs. Closeness
- Internal vs. External pressure
- Stability vs. change
- Integration vs. Separation |
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Term
| Communication Privacy Management theory |
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Definition
- Attempts to use language of boundaries as to why people use privacy
- People feel they own the information about them, if its your possession you can protect it
- People establish privacy boundaries to manage the open/closeness of the information based on privacy rules. |
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Term
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Definition
- Hybrid theory of structuration and symbolic convergence
- When groups run into problems, easier to use analog for that problem (Another story demonstrating the problem) than to actually address it |
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Term
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Definition
Group creates rules/norms/operation all emerge from communication in the group
• Rules: Must attend group meetings, listen, ect
• Resources: Books, outlines, rubrics |
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Term
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Definition
| Humans create and share meaning through communication and story telling, in doing so they create overlapping and symbolic worlds |
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Term
| Constitute for fantasy themes: |
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Definition
| groups formed and reformed based on group identity and rules |
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Term
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Definition
| The potential influence of behavior of others, derived from such bases as ability to reward and punish, expertise, legitimate power, and personal attraction |
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Term
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Definition
1. Reward
2. Punishment
3. Legitimate
4. Referent
5. Expert |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to withhold those same items that reward |
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Term
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Definition
title or acknowledged role designated to leaderships
o Doesn’t mean that they earned or deserved it
• Leaders (vision) vs. Manager (task) |
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Term
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Definition
| Give tangible and intangible rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| Derives from how much we like the person or are attracted to them (Kennedy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Derives from what other people believe a leader should know and be |
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Term
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Definition
- Designated Leader: Person appointed or elected to a position as leader of a small group
- Emergent Leader: Person who emerges as the leader of an initially leaderless group in which all members start out equally (Elected by group based on skills) |
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Term
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Definition
o Democratic: Leaders who coordinate and facilitate discussion in small groups, encouraging participation from all group members
o Laissez-Faire: Do-nothing designated leaders who provide minimal services to the groups
o Autocratic: Leaders who try to dominate and control a group; gives orders, no decision to group members |
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Term
| 5 approaches to leadership |
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Definition
1. Traits 2. Styles 3. Function. 4. Contingency. 5. Communication Competency |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaders have different traits that distinguish them as leaders |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of behavior of leaders is the focus |
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Term
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Definition
group leadership
o Leadership behaviors help accomplish goal
o Communication skills = how people lead |
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Term
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Definition
| Effectiveness of leadership is based on the situation. Member skills, attitude, task, relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that leadership is defined by the functions a group needs and can be supplied by any member. (Task and social functions) |
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Term
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Definition
- Collectivism vs. individualism
- Power distance
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Masculinity vs. Femininity
- High vs. Low context
- Race, Gender, sex, socioeconomics |
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Term
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Definition
High: Status hierarchy at birth
Low: Democratic based |
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Term
| Uncertainty avoidance (high vs. low) |
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Definition
| High: Clear set rules, very structured leadership Low: Democratic/creative |
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Term
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Definition
High: Message based on non-verbals
Low: Message directly stated |
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Term
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Definition
| Input (Resources/group members) --> Throughput (procedures, members behaviors/power relationships, problem solving) -->Output (Tangible/intangible goods created by group) |
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Term
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Definition
Components from which a small group is formed/what it uses to accomplish tasks
o Reasons for formation (motivation, attitudes, skills, culture)
o Money
o Computer technology
o Resources (Information, time) |
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Term
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Definition
How the group transforms inputs to outputs
o Members behaviors, power relationships
o Procedures
• Communication, Problem solving, investigation, decision) |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything produced by the group, reports, products, changes to a system, attitude changes in members |
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Term
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Definition
| Interacts with system and environment |
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Term
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Definition
| No interaction between system and environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Response to systems output, helps system determine whether or not it needs to make adjustments in moving towards a goal |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific established position in a group with expectations for fulfilling that position (President, secretary) |
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Term
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Definition
| Unique role created as a result of members behaviors, personality, and habits, emerge as informal leaders |
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Term
| Types/Functions of role (3) |
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Definition
Task
Maintenance
Self-centered |
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Term
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Definition
| affect the task output of the group, the behavior contributes primarily to accomplishing the goals of a group (Clarify, gain information, coordinate, test, record) |
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Term
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Definition
| Relationship-oriented member behavior that reduces tensions, increase solidarity, and facilitates teamwork (Establish norms, Support, tension relieving) |
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Term
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Definition
| action of a small group member, motivated by personal needs, that serves the individual at the expense of the group (Withdrawing, blocking, recognition seeking) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Physical appearance
2. Space/seating
3. Eye contact
4. Facial expressions
5. Movements (Kinesics)
6. Paralanguage (Vocal)
7. Time
8. Backchannel (Ahhhhh) |
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Term
| Human Communication Process |
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Definition
1. Communication is symbolic
2. Communication is personal
3. Communication is a transactional process (Mutually/Simultaneously) (Send and receive)
4. Communication is not always intentional
5. Communication involves content/relational dimensions - (messages) |
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Term
| Content vs. Relational dimensions of communication |
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Definition
Content: the subject, idea, or topic of the message, "What"
Relationship: What the message reveals about how the speaker views his/her relationship to the other participants, "How" |
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Term
| List 6 communication theories |
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Definition
1. Uncertainty Reduction Theory
2. Social Exchange theory
3. Social Penetration Theory
4. Relational Dialectics theory
5. Communication Privacy Management theory
6. Fantasy Themes theory |
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