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| that which is asserted and remains to be proven |
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| the grounds (support/evidence) for the claim, such as statistical evidence, expert testimony |
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| the reasoning used to link the data to the claim--usually implied |
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| additional evidence and reasoning used to support the inference made in the warrant |
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| exceptions or rebuttals that diminish the force of the claim |
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| degree of truth of the claim |
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| errors in the process of using supporting materials as proof |
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| errors in the process of reasoning |
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| claims that rest on emotional appeal rather than logic and evidence |
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