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| Resting heart rate of a normal healthy adult |
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| The heart beats because of electrical impulses generated at the |
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| the pacemaker of the heart |
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| One complete cardiac cycle include both a __________ and _______________of the heart muscle. |
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| The EKG consists of 4 basic waveforms: |
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Definition
1. P Wave
2. QRS complex
3. T Wave
4. U Wave |
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1. PR Interval
2. ST Segment
3. QT Interval |
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| Atrial Contraction/represents atrial depolarization (0.06 to 0.12 second) |
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Atrial Depolarization/tracks the atrial impulse from the atria through the AV node, bundle of His, and right and left bundle branches. Located from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex.
(Normal range- 0.12-0.20 seconds) |
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Definition
Ventricular Contraction/Represents depolarization of the ventricles, or impulse conduction. It follow the PR interval. It is 5 to 30 mm high. It last 0.06 to 0.10 second.
(Normal range - 0.04-0.10 seconds) |
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Definition
| Early Ventricular Polarization/Represents the end of the ventricular conduction. Extends from the S wave to the beginning of the T wave. Usually isoelectric and may vary from -0.5 to 1mm high. |
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| Ventricular Repolarization/Represents ventricular recovery or repolarizaton. Follow the S wave. 0.5 mm high and usually upright. |
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Ventricular Activity/Measures ventriculr depolarization. Extended from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave. Varies according to age, sex and heart rate: usually lasts from 0.36 to 0.44 second.
(normal range 0.36-0.44 seconds) |
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| Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)- |
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Definition
| An EKG rhythm characterized by a normal rate and rhythm, with all wave intervals in the normal ranges. (Ther is a P wave for every QRS complex. The rate is 70b/m and the QRS complex is within normal limits.) |
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Definition
| a sinus mechanism, meaning that the SINUS NODE is the source of the problem rather than the atria, ventricles, or other mechanisms in the heart. Similar is similar to a normal sinus rhythm in that the rate is usually 60-90 bpm and there is no ectopy, but the rhythm is irregular. |
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Definition
| another sinus mechanism, which is characterized by a slow heart rate. The rhythm and intervals are normal, but the rate is less than 40 beats per minute.This is considered normal in conditioned athletes and large patients, and is not usually dagerous. (maybe seen aftera myocardial infarction (heart attack), or in patients on certain medications). |
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Definition
| another sinus mechanisms, which is characterized by a fast heart rate. The heart rate must be faster than 90bpm. (Can indicate decreased oxygen levels, or ir may be due to anxiety, pain, or stress. |
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Term
| Premature Atrial Complex (PAC) |
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Definition
| an atrial mechanism that is characterized by an irregular rhythm due to an early P wave. This is not usually of concern in patients without heart disease, as it can be a normal reaction to caffeine use. |
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Definition
| An atrial rhythm that is characterized by fast "flutter"(saw-toothed) waves fpr P waves. This is a more dangerous EKG rhythm, and rarely occurs in the absence of heart disease.( The P wave is seen as a rapid flutter waves. The ventricular rate is regular or irregular or slower. The QRS complex is within normal limits.) |
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Definition
| characterized by unorganized activity in the atria. The atria quivering rather than contracting. Usually the result of heart disease. MI, COPD, coronary artery disease, or CHF may associated. (Decreased cardiac output.)(The baseline wave is irregular, and the P waves are absent. Ventricular response (QRS) is irregular, slow or rapid.) |
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Term
| Premature Ventricular Contraction |
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Definition
| are some of the most commonly-occuring ectopic beats seen during a sleep study, as they are often associated with OSA and its associated hypoxia. Characterized by wide, bizarre QRS complexes that begin early.(There is no P wave. theQRS complex occurs earlier than expected, is wide 90.12 SEC OR GREATR), AND HAS A BIZARRE LOOKING CONFIGURATION AND INCREASED IN AMPLITUDE>) |
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Term
| Premature Ventricular Contraction |
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Definition
| are some of the most commonly-occuring ectopic beats seen during a sleep study, as they are often associated with OSA and its associated hypoxia. Characterized by wide, bizarre QRS complexes that begin early. |
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Definition
| Originate from the same location, and therefore look the same as each other |
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| Different origins, and therefore are different from each other |
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| Three or more PVC's in a row. This considered dangerous, and requires intervention. CPR may be required.(The P wave usually absent, but may be obscured by the QRS complex the atrial rate cannot be determined. The ventricular rate is 100 to 250 bpm. The QRS complex is wide and bizare looking. Usually increased in amplitude) |
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Definition
| is a very severe and dangerous rhythm in which the heart is quivering rather than contracting. There are no dicernible waveforms. Immediate action should be taken, including calling 911 and performing CPR. |
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Term
| Ventricular Standstill (Asystole) |
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Definition
| The ventricules have absolutely no activity, and the atria have very little to no activity. The resulting signal is a flate line. A very severe EKG arrhythmia, as no cardiac output is present. Immediate action must be taken when this rhythm is seen, including calling 911 and performing CPR. Characterized by a cardiac pause of at least 3 seconds. |
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Definition
| Represents the recovery period of the Purkinje or ventricular conduction fibers. It follows the T wave. |
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Definition
| An AV block between the atria and the ventricles, and is characterized on the EKG as a diassociation between the P wave and the QRS complex that follows it. (Electrical impulses flow normally from the SA node through the atria but are delayed at the AV node. The P wave is normal in size. The PR interval is prolonged (greater then 0.2 seconds) but constant in duration. The QRS complex is within limits.) |
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Term
| Second Degree AV block Type 1 (Wenckebach,Mobitz1) |
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Definition
| is characterized by a QRS complex the is missed or skipped periodically. The PR interval gradually increases until this QRS complex is missed. Can be a sign of hypotension. |
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| Second degree AV Block Type @ (non-Wenckebach, Mobitz 2) |
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Definition
| occurs when the QRS complex is suddenly skipped, without warning. |
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Term
| Third degree (complete) AV Block |
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Definition
| is a complete lack of association between the atria and the ventricles. AS a result, the P waves and the QRS complexes are not associated with each other. This represents a decreased cardiac output and may lead to asystole. Immediate intervention is required, including calling 911. |
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