Term
|
Definition
| Multiple Sleep Latency Test |
|
|
Term
| When does the 1st nap begin once the MSLT has started? |
|
Definition
| 1.5-3 hours after the nocturnal test |
|
|
Term
| How many naps are typically given during an MSLT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After sleep onset occurs, When is the nap terminated? |
|
Definition
| 15 minutes from the first epoch of sleep |
|
|
Term
| If there is no sleep noted, when is the nap terminated in the MSLT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleep Latency is defined as: |
|
Definition
| The amount of time it take from lights out to the first epoch of sleep. |
|
|
Term
| REM Latency is defined as: |
|
Definition
| the time it takes from first epoch of sleep to first epoch of REM |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of performing the "MSLT"? |
|
Definition
| To asses & diagnose diseases of excessive somnolence and to evaluate dayteime sleepiness |
|
|
Term
| When do the naps occur and how far apart are they? |
|
Definition
| On the hour and the half hour two hours apart |
|
|
Term
| How long before a nap begins should the subject quit smoking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What epoch size is best for recording the "MSLT"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A mean sleep latency of <5 minutes during the "MSLT" indicates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A normal mean sleep latency is how many minutes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many naps must have unequivocal periods of REM to arrive at a diagnosis of Narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Narcoleptic Tetrad |
|
Definition
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Hypnogognic Hallucinations
Sleep Paralysis
Cataplexy |
|
|
Term
| What montage is generally used for recording the "MSLT"? |
|
Definition
| The core channels. 2 EOG, 4 EEG, Chin (EMG), EKG |
|
|
Term
| How is the mean sleep latency calculated? |
|
Definition
| Add sleep latency times together and divide by total number of naps |
|
|
Term
| How is the median sleep latency calculated? |
|
Definition
| Middle sleep latency number if even average the middle two |
|
|
Term
| How is the mean REM latency calculated? |
|
Definition
| Add up REM latency and divide by total number of naps pt went into REM in |
|
|
Term
| How frequent are the naps scheduled during hte MSLT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does RDI stand for and what does it measure |
|
Definition
| Respiratory Disturbance Index, # of apneas/hypopneas per hour of total sleep time |
|
|
Term
| Reflus is identified in the distal esophagus by a drop in the pH below what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pt can become the pathway of least resistance, and therefore susceptible to shock when what occurs? |
|
Definition
| When not all the equipment attached to the pt is attached to a common ground |
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of chronic alcoholism of sleep? |
|
Definition
| Reduction of NREM delta sleep and REM sleep |
|
|
Term
| A sleep disturbance that lasts one to several nights in an isolated period and is most often caused by an acute situational stress or travel across multiple time zones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During REM sleep, inhibition of thermoregulatory mechanisms leads to a state of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What equation best expresses time constant? |
|
Definition
T=C(R)
T=time constant
C=Capacitance
R=Resistance |
|
|
Term
| Impedances greater than 10,000 ohms, allows for greater potential of electrode imbalance and the appearance of what in teh recorded signal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the circumference measurement of the head is 60 cm, what is the distance of T4 electrode from the Fp2 electrode? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum paper speed recommended to allow clear visual resolution of alpha nad sleep spindles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sleep stage: low voltage mixed frequency EEG with a prominence of activity in the 2-7 cps range slow eye moveents, tends to be relatively short, ranging from 1-7 minutes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amplitude of this waveform is occasionally as high as 200 uV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The total duration of this waveform should exceed .5 sec with a well delineated negative shapr wave followed by a positive component? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20%-50% of the epoch to consist of waves of 2cps or slower with aplitudes greater then 75 uV from peak to peak? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha activity in stage REM is how many cps slower than during wakefullness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are eye movements recorded? |
|
Definition
| Electropotential difference between the cornea(+) and the retina (-). Deflection is the same way as charge |
|
|
Term
| List the 4 skull land marks in the 10-20 placement system: |
|
Definition
| inion, nasion, left and right preauricular |
|
|
Term
| The degree to which an amplifier will reject a common mode signal is expressed as what? |
|
Definition
| Common Mode Rejection Ratio |
|
|
Term
| The Sleep test is used in the assessment and diagnosis of disorders of excessive somnolence and to evaluate daytime sleepiness in relaxation to various therapeutic or experimental manipulations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NREM sleep in the infant is known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| REM sleep in the infant is known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other than the EEG recording, What else is used to differentiate the sleep stages in the infant? |
|
Definition
| Observed behaviors and movement patters |
|
|
Term
| At what age do sleep spindles appear in the infant? |
|
Definition
| 4-8 weeks fully at 3 months |
|
|
Term
| Does not meet the criteria of active or quiet sleep is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trace Alternant patter is assocaited with what stage of sleep int he infant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infant breathing patter that alternates regular breathing with 5- 10 seconds or more. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age do sleep spindles appear in the infant? |
|
Definition
| 4 weeks and develop to 8 weeks, clearly characterize NREM by 3 months of age |
|
|
Term
| An epoch that does not meet the criteria for Active Sleep or Quiet Sleep is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trace Alternant pattern is associated with what stage of sleep in the infant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infant breathing pattern that alternates regular breathing with 5-10 seconds of apnea. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| REM occupies what percentage of sleep in the neonate at term? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term used for a brief superimposition of EEG alpha activity on sleep activities during a stage of sleep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thermoregulatory responses such as sweating and panting are noted in REM, but are absent in NREM sleep. True or False |
|
Definition
| False Sweating and panting is seen in NREM but not in REM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cessation of airflow at the nostrils and mouth lasting at least 10 seconds |
|
|
Term
| A function that expresses the frequency of eye movements per unit time during sleep stage REM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of apneas (obstructive, central, mixed) plus hypopneas per hour of total sleep time as determined by all-night polysomnography |
|
Definition
| Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) |
|
|
Term
| Known as the pacemaker for mammalian circadian rhythms |
|
Definition
| Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) |
|
|
Term
| A complaint of morning headaches associated with severe sleep apnea is a result of what? |
|
Definition
| Severe oxygen desaturation and hypercapnia. |
|
|
Term
| What initial effect does administering supplement oxygen have on the OSA patient? |
|
Definition
| A significant increase in apnea duration with associated hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. |
|
|
Term
| What term is linked with patients experiencing evening and nocturnal hallucinations associated with dementia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jactatio Capitis Nocturna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended procedure for electrode application to record eye movements? |
|
Definition
| 1 cm above and slightly lateral the outer canthus, while the other is 1 cm below and slightly lateral the outer canthus of the eye. |
|
|
Term
| Three potential sources of stray electrical current. |
|
Definition
| Short Circuit, Leakage Current, Ground loop |
|
|
Term
| The number of pen deflections of "waves" recorded within the span of one second. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Measurement of frequency, number of cycles per second. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Refers to the response time of the polygraph pens in relation to high and low frequency filter settings during a calibration procedure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduction in size or amplitude of a signal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Undesirable variations in baseline during a recording, usually caused by sweat or movement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Voltages originating from living tissues. |
|
Definition
| Bio-electrical potentials. |
|
|
Term
| Signals obtained by comparing voltages from two exploringe electrodes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An amplifier component used for storing an electrical charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a ground connection shared by more than one instrument or appliance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any material capable of transmitting an electrical current |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flow of electrical force along a conductor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signal obtained from a pair of electrodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| recording of electrical activity generated by the brain |
|
Definition
| electroencephalogram (EEG) |
|
|
Term
| The time required for a pen to descent to 37% of signal amplitude when a DC calibration signal is applied to an amplifier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an electronic device designed to reduce or eliminate unwanted frequencies from passing through as amplifier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An undesirable electrical pathway between two separate ground connections, resulting in a possible hazard to a patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A method of measuring changes in body (or body parts) circumference |
|
Definition
| Inductance Plethysomography |
|
|
Term
| Stray current generated by the proximity of electrical power cords to adjoining cables or the polygraph chassis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ratio of output voltage to input voltage, amplifier sensitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An instrument used for measuring electrical resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signal obtained by comparing voltages from an exploring electrode to a relatively inactive location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A device used to limit the passage of electrical current |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The time required for a pen to reach 63% of signal amplitude when a DC calibration signal if applied to an amplifier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A device containing two dissimilar metals, which generate an electrical signal in response to temperature variations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sequence of tests used to verify and document appropriate amplifier and pen responses to various maneuvers performed by the pt prior to a sleep study. |
|
Definition
| Biocalibrations/pt calibrations |
|
|
Term
| Sharp negative waves, usually within the theta frequency range-typically appearing during the latter part of stage 1 sleep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sharp negative wave, followed by a slower positive component-seen primarily in stage 2 sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short rhythmic waveform clusters of 12-14 Hz often showing a waxing and waning appearance- a characteristic feature of stage 2 sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relatively low amplitude waves, with a notched sawtooth appearance-a common feature of REM sleep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| REM sleep is classified into what two categories? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Artifact caused by electrodes which momentarily lift away from the skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A transient appearance of alpha activity during sleep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cessation of airflow detected at the nose and mouth occuring for 10 seconds or longer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An interrusption of sleep continuity, identified by an abrupt shift in EEG frequency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cessation of breathing, characterized by an absence of both airflow and respiratory effort. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A single page of polysomnogram, typically representing 30 seconds of data. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rapid deep breathing, resulting in reduced levels of CO2 in the blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| insufficient breathing volumes, resulting in increased levels of CO2 in the blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormally low blood oxygen saturation level. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lower portion of the temporal bone behind the ear. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cessation of breathing caused by upper airway obstruction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The progression and distribution of the various sleep stages and their quantitative relationship to each other. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A period of NREM sleep followed by a subsequent REM period |
|
Definition
| Sleep Cycle (also see Sleep Patterns, Sleep Stages, Cyclic, Alternating Paterns of) |
|
|
Term
| A device used to convert non-electrical physiological activity into electrical signals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maximum amount of air the lungs can contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An arrangement of electrode derivations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Voltage (E) is equal to current (I) flowing in the circuit multiplied by resistance (R) in the circuit. E=I(R) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three grounds found in electronic equipment |
|
Definition
| Earth ground, chassis ground, common connection ground |
|
|
Term
| Shock that involves large and quite perceptible currents passing from external surface area to another. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the voltage (uV) of an EEG waveform calculated? |
|
Definition
Multiplying by amplitude (mm) of the wave form by the sensitivity.
V=AS in units uV/mm |
|
|
Term
| What consideration should be given to the choice of electrodes used for recording EEG? |
|
Definition
| Choose a material that has minimum drift of electrode potential and a very long time constant |
|
|
Term
| Suggested solution to soak contaminated electrodes. |
|
Definition
| 5% Hypochlorite solution (household bleach) |
|
|
Term
| Distinct EEG activity appearing to be composed of one dominant frequency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EEG activity with a frequency faster than 13 Hz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Morphologically and topographically distinct EEG activity seen in the central areas, frequency is about 9 Hz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breathing patter characterized by rhythmic waxing and waning of the depth of respiration, with regularly recurring periods of apneas |
|
Definition
| Cheyne-Stokes Respiration |
|
|
Term
| EKG channel shows regular rhythm rate 60-100 bpm: P waves present and upright before each QRS complex. Time interval is same for all beats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EKG channel shows regular rhythm, rate>100 bpm (seldom>150 bpm). P waves present and upright before each QRS complex. Time interval is same for all beats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EKG channel shows regular rhythm, rate<60 bpm; P waves present and upright before each QRS complex. Time interval is same for all beats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EKG channel shows more P waves then QRS complexes with no association between the two. The P-R interval is variable and the QRS complexes are the same and regular. |
|
Definition
| 3rd degree AV block or complete heart block |
|
|
Term
| Normal arterial pCO2 value. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does sleep onset occur when scoring an MSLT |
|
Definition
| The time from lights out to the first epoch scored as sleep. |
|
|
Term
| A pt with "Ondine's Curse" would be expected to have what type of respiratory impairment? |
|
Definition
| Central Alveolar Hypoventilation |
|
|
Term
| Which class of drugs is known to aggravate Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep |
|
Definition
| Tricyclic Antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of chronic alcoholism on REM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the narcoleptic tetrad consist of? |
|
Definition
| EDS, cataplexy, Sleep paralysis, Hypnagogic Hallucinations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ratio of total sleep time to total time in bed. |
|
|
Term
| In 1953 Aserinsky and Kleitman associated what with dreaming during sleep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| REM sleep is associated with what changes in the autonomic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Variable heart rate, irregular respirations, decrease in tonic muscle activity |
|
|
Term
| The reticular activating system is essential for what part of the sleep/wake cycle? |
|
Definition
| Inititiation and maintenance of wakefulness |
|
|
Term
| Ultradian rhythm refers to a period of what time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are newborns and infants obligatory "nasal breathers" or "mouth breathers"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased resistance of the upper airways secondary to blockage of one nasal orifice restricts ventilation more severely in REM or NREM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paradoxical breathing is noted in neonates or infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Periodic breathing in normal infant most commonly occurs in Active or Quiet Sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ultradian rhythm of alternating sleep cycles has a period of how many minutes during infancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of periodic breathing? |
|
Definition
| minimum of 3 central events lasting less than 4 seconds within 20 seconds of each other. |
|
|
Term
| A person maximum breathing ability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The content of air remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration. |
|
Definition
| Functional residual capacity |
|
|
Term
| Leg muscle used to monitor/record myoclonic movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of montage is recommended in order to maximize the oltages recorded during a polysomnography? |
|
Definition
| Referential montage using contralateral ear references |
|
|
