Term
| sleep is controlled by two processes |
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Definition
| circadian process and homeostatic or sleep-dependent recovery process |
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Term
| homeostatic or sleep-dependent recovery process |
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Definition
| wake dependent: increases in depth and duration in relation to the amount of time since last sleep and will dissipate with subsequent sleep |
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Term
| controlled wake/ sleep interactions |
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Definition
| occur in the hypothalamus and brain stem centers during the homeostatic or sleep-dependent recovery process |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates the daily rhythms of the body and brain and ensures sleep occurs at an ecologically favorable time |
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Term
| cells within the suprachiasmitic nucleus (SCN)of the hypothalamus |
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Definition
| main pacemakers of the circadian rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| constant light or darkness will |
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Definition
| lengthen this cycle to 24.1 hours |
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Term
| do we sleep to conserve energy |
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Definition
| not likely because metabolism is only decreased by 5-10% during sleep |
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Term
| sleep is a heightened anabolic state |
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Definition
| characterized by growth and rejuvination of the immune, nervous, skeletal and muscular systems |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| slow delta wave sleep, deep restorative sleeps (serotonin, adenosine, cholecystokinin, IL-1) |
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Term
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Definition
| no one knows exact purpose; body and brainstem are in deep sleep; neurochemical process and higher cortical brain function are more active; dreams are found here |
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Term
| cells within the suprachiasmitic nucleus (SCN)of the hypothalamus |
|
Definition
| main pacemakers of the circadian rhythm |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| constant light or darkness will |
|
Definition
| lengthen this cycle to 24.1 hours |
|
|
Term
| do we sleep to conserve energy |
|
Definition
| not likely because metabolism is only decreased by 5-10% during sleep |
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|
Term
| sleep is a heightened anabolic state |
|
Definition
| characterized by growth and rejuvination of the immune, nervous, skeletal and muscular systems |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| slow delta wave sleep, deep restorative sleeps (serotonin, adenosine, cholecystokinin, IL-1) |
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Term
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Definition
| no one knows exact purpose; body and brainstem are in deep sleep; neurochemical process and higher cortical brain function are more active; dreams are found here |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sleep promoting neurochemicals |
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Definition
| serotonin, adenosine, gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA), hypocretin 1 and 2, opiate peptides (endokephalins, endorphins) |
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Term
| wake promoting neurochemicals |
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Definition
| NE, histamine, acetacholine, glutamate, substance P, thyrotropine RF, corticotropin RF |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep, non-restorative sleep for at least one month couples with impaired daytime function, despite adequate opportunities for sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| DSM-IV, ICD-10 and ICSD-2 |
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Term
| insomnia associated with any other disorder |
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Definition
| classified as insomnia due to medical condition |
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Term
| cognitive behavioral therapy |
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Definition
| preferred method of treatment; initiating: proper environment for sleeping, no exercise before bed and stimulus control |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| improvement in sleep quality and quantity, improved daytime functioning, and decreased sleep latency |
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Term
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Definition
| falls (elderly), impaired daytime performance (oversedation), amnesia/ disinhibition, rebound insomnia, tolerance/ withdrawal/ addiction |
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Term
| amnesia/ disinhibition mostly seen in |
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Definition
| long acting BzRAs and EtOH |
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Term
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Definition
| worse with short-acting BzRAs |
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Term
| tolerance/ withdrawal/ addiction |
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Definition
| less of a problem since the Z-hypnotic introduction |
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Term
| consequences of sleep apnea |
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Definition
| HTN, stroke, MI, cor pulmonale, decreased daytime alertness, motor vehicle accidents and type 2 diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CS) |
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Term
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Definition
| neurologic disorder characterized by mini-episodes of breathing cessation |
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Term
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Definition
| altitude induced CSA, narcotic induced CSA, obesity hypoventilation syndrom (OHS) and idiopathic CSA |
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Term
| OSA is usually associated with wt gain |
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Definition
| extra wt places pressure on the throat and uvula causing a narrowing of the airways with resultant snoring and gasping for air leading to hypoxia and disruption of sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by lack of drive to breath during sleep,commonly is a result of narcotic-induced reduction in breathing |
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Term
| proinflammatory cytokines associated with sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness |
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Definition
| C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha and IL-6 |
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Term
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Definition
| incurable neurologic disorder; irrepressible sleep attacks (seem to be expression of REM), cataplexy (loss of muscle tone in the ace or limb muscles) |
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Term
| cells involved in narcolepsy |
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Definition
| associated with dysfunction/ absence of hypocretin and orexin cells |
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Term
| non-pharmacologic treatment of narcolepsy |
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Definition
| schedules short naps, adequate sleep hygiene, psychological support |
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Term
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Definition
| PLMS periodic limb movement syndrome, motor manifestation of RLS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anemia, peripheral neuropathy, pregnancy, spinal cord injury |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased brain iron, dopaminergic tone and serotonin levels; genetics are also involved |
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Term
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Definition
| antidepressants, anticovulsants, beta blockers, H2 blockers |
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Term
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Definition
| alcohol, cigarette smoking, caffeine |
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Term
| pharmacologic therapy for RLS |
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Definition
| dopaminergic agents, BZDs, opiods, anticonvulsants |
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