Term
| What are the functions of REM sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different stages of sleep? |
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Definition
Stage 1: brain activity is high, but declining
Stage 2: brain activity is still declining
Stage 3 & 4: Slow wave sleep
Stage 4: thalamus stops relaying sensory infor to cortex
Cycle: 1-> 2-> 3-> 4-> 3-> 2-> REM |
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Term
| What do heart rate, breathing, blood pressure and temperature do during sleep? |
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Definition
Stages 1-4, Heart rate, breathing, and brain activity decrease
Stages 3 & 4, slow waves, brain acitvity highly synchronized |
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Term
| What is paradoxical about REM sleep? |
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Definition
| Because it is deep sleep in some ways and light in others, means apparently self-contradictory |
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Term
| What nuerotransmitters are involved in REM sleep? |
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Definition
| GABA, glutamate, serotonin, acetylcholine |
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Term
| How is REM/paradoxical sleep related to dreams? |
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Definition
| REM and dreams overlap, but are not the same thing. Researchers found that 80-90% of people awakened from REM sleep reported to have had dreams. |
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Term
| In dreaming, what brain areas are active/inactive? |
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Definition
pons activate parts of parietal, temporal and occipital cortex.
Amygdala active, hypothalamus active.
No activity in visual or sensory cortex, prefrontal inactive. |
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Term
| What is the functional consequence of the brain areas being active/inactive? |
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Definition
Amygdala active= strong emotional content in dreams
Hypothalamus active= motivations and drives in dreams
Visual & sensory cortex inactive= no sensory info to compete with, self-generated info -> hallucinations
Prefrontal inactive= memory is weak, logic is lacking |
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Term
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Definition
High amplitude electral potentials, stands for pons-geniculate-occipital.
Dected first in the pons, shortly afterward in the nucleus of the thalamus, and then in the occipital cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Inadequate, non-restorative sleep, caused by depression, pain, age, or chronical medical condition |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to breath while sleeping due to genetics, horomones, aging, or obesity |
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Term
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Definition
| Frequent periods of sleepiness during the day (sleep attacks) |
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Term
| Periodic limb movement (Restless leg syndrome) |
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Definition
| legs kick up to once evey 20-30 seconds, can cause insomnia |
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Term
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Definition
| Move around vigorously during REM sleep because no paralysis, most common in older men with brain disease. |
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Term
| Night terrors, sleep walking, sleep talking |
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Definition
NT- experiences of intense anxiety from which person awakens screaming in terror.
NT & SW- usually during non-rem sleep and usually in children
ST- very common, occurs in both REM and NonREM sleep |
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Term
| As we get older, we spend less time sleeping, and less sleeping time in REM |
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Definition
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