Term
Describe how to avoid the propeller(s) when approaching
an aircraft. |
|
Definition
| Approach fixed-wing aircraft from the rear. |
|
|
Term
| Who is responsible for seat belt use in the aircraft? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When must seat belts be fastened? |
|
Definition
| movement on the surface (taxi), takeoff, and landing |
|
|
Term
From whom do you take directions in the event of
an aircraft problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to exit on “Go!” (or “Arch!”)? |
|
Definition
| all students: to leave at the right place over the ground |
|
|
Term
Where does the wind come from initially upon exit from
the aircraft? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why do skydivers first learn to fall stable face to earth
(think in terms of the equipment)? |
|
Definition
| best position for deployment |
|
|
Term
| What does a canopy do immediately following a turn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the landing priorities? |
|
Definition
a. Land with the wing level and flying in a straight line.
b. Land in a clear and open area, avoiding obstacles.
c. Flare to at least the half-brake position.
d. Perform a parachute landing fall |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the landing flare? |
|
Definition
| convert forward speed to lift |
|
|
Term
Describe the procedure for a hard landing (parachute
landing fall or PLF). |
|
Definition
Student should demonstrate: feet and knees together, hands
and elbows in, roll on landing. |
|
|
Term
Who must directly supervise your student training
jumps? |
|
Definition
| USPA Instructor rated for my discipline |
|
|
Term
| What is your most important task when in freefall? |
|
Definition
altitude awareness to recognize and act at the assigned pull
altitude |
|
|
Term
What are the maximum winds in which any student may
jump? |
|
Definition
ten mph for a round reserve canopy; 14 mph for a ram-air
reserve, waiverable by an S&TA |
|
|
Term
| How would you clear a pilot chute hesitation? |
|
Definition
| Change body position to modify the air flow over my back. |
|
|
Term
In the event of a canopy problem, students should decide
and act about executing emergency procedures by what
altitude? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How would you address the following routine opening
problems?
a. Twisted lines |
|
Definition
Before releasing the brakes, spread risers or twist risers to
transfer line twist to risers, kick in opposite direction, watch
altitude to 2,500 feet. |
|
|
Term
How would you address the following routine opening
problems?
b. Slider stops halfway down |
|
Definition
Pump rear risers or steering controls at the bottom of the
stroke while watching altitude to 2,500 feet. |
|
|
Term
How would you address the following routine opening
problems?
c. End cells closed |
|
Definition
Pull toggles to flare position and hold (or pull down rear risers
and hold) and watch altitude. If stubborn, determine
controllability with turn and flare by 2,500 feet. |
|
|
Term
How would you address the following routine opening
problems?
d. Broken lines or other damage |
|
Definition
| Determine controllability and ability to flare by 2,500 feet. |
|
|
Term
How would you address the following routine opening
problems?
e. Good canopy that is turning. |
|
Definition
| Be sure both brakes are released. |
|
|
Term
What is the appropriate action if below 1,000 feet
without a landable parachute? |
|
Definition
Immediately deploy the reserve parachute, but not below
1,000 feet with an SOS system. |
|
|
Term
If the pilot chute goes over the front of the canopy after
it has opened, how can you tell if it’s a malfunction? |
|
Definition
If the canopy flares and turns correctly, it is probably safe to
land. |
|
|
Term
What is the correct response to an open container in
freefall using a hand-deployed system? |
|
Definition
no more than two tries or two seconds to locate and deploy
the main pilot chute; if no success, cut away and deploy the
reserve |
|
|
Term
If part of the deployed parachute is caught on the jumper
or the equipment (horseshoe),what is the correct
response? |
|
Definition
| Cut away and deploy the reserve. |
|
|
Term
If the pilot chute extracts the deployment bag from the
parachute container (backpack) but the deployment bag
fails to release the parachute canopy for inflation, what is
the correct response? |
|
Definition
| Cut away and deploy the reserve. |
|
|
Term
What are the compass headings of the runway nearest the
DZ at your airport? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What compass directions do the runway heading numbers
represent (northeast-southwest; north-south, etc.)? |
|
Definition
| cardinal directions of the reference runway |
|
|
Term
| How long is the longest runway at your airport? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the three legs of the canopy landing pattern
with relation to the wind direction. |
|
Definition
downwind (with the wind), base (across the wind but
downwind of the target), and final (into the wind) |
|
|
Term
At what altitude over the ground do aircraft enter
the traffic pattern at your airport? |
|
Definition
| local pattern entry altitude |
|
|
Term
| Why is it undesirable to land off the end of a runway? |
|
Definition
| approaching and departing aircraft |
|
|
Term
In flat and stable freefall at terminal velocity, how long
does it take an average jumper to fall 1,000 feet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the correct procedure for recovering from
instability to the belly-to-earth position? |
|
Definition
| altitude, arch, legs, relax |
|
|
Term
Which is better, to pull at the planned altitude or to fall
lower to get stable before pulling? |
|
Definition
| Pull at the planned altitude, regardless of stability |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the wave-off before deployment? |
|
Definition
to signal other jumpers
(Category |
|
|
Term
What is the purpose of the parachute landing fall (PLF),
and why is it important for skydivers? |
|
Definition
It protects against hard landings, and all skydivers have
hard landings |
|
|
Term
What part of the landing pattern is most dangerous
to skydivers? |
|
Definition
| the intersection of the base and final approach legs |
|
|
Term
How do higher wind speeds affect the planned landing
pattern as compared to the pattern plan for a calm day? |
|
Definition
shortens the final approach, shortens the base leg, lengthens
the downwind leg, and places the planned pattern entry
point farther upwind |
|
|
Term
In moderately strong winds, how far downwind of an
obstacle would you expect to find turbulence? |
|
Definition
| 10-20 times the height of the obstacle |
|
|
Term
What is the best procedure to use when flying your
canopy in turbulent conditions? |
|
Definition
Keep the canopy flying in a straight line at full flight (or as
directed by the owner’s manual). |
|
|
Term
What weather conditions and wind direction(s) are most
likely to cause turbulence at your drop zone? |
|
Definition
| according to the local landing area and obstacles |
|
|
Term
Why is it important to protect your parachute system
operation handles when in and around the aircraft? |
|
Definition
keeps them in place and prevents accidental or premature
deployment |
|
|
Term
Describe the equipment pre-flight strategy to use before
putting on your gear. |
|
Definition
| top to bottom, back to front |
|
|
Term
How does the three-ring main canopy release system
disconnect the main parachute from the harness? |
|
Definition
| Pull the cables to release the cloth loop. |
|
|
Term
How do you know if a reserve parachute has been packed
by an FAA rigger within the last 120 days? |
|
Definition
| information found on the reserve packing data card |
|
|
Term
How do you know the reserve container has not been
opened since the FAA rigger last closed it? |
|
Definition
| rigger’s packing seal on the reserve ripcord |
|
|
Term
If the surface winds are blowing from west to east, which
direction will you face to fly the downwind leg of the
landing pattern (instructor’s illustration)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the wing loading of the parachute you will use
on your next jump? |
|
Definition
| Divide the exit weight by the square footage. |
|
|
Term
Which canopy size (same model design) will exhibit
quicker control response?
a. 210-square feet with a 210-pound jumper (geared up)
b. 170 square feet with a 170-pound jumper (geared up) |
|
Definition
| 170 square feet/170 pounds |
|
|
Term
| When is it OK to attempt a stand-up landing? |
|
Definition
when the jumper has control of all the variables and has
executed a good flare at the appropriate altitude |
|
|
Term
For planned deployment initiation at 3,000 feet, approximately
how long should an average-sized jumper fall after
exiting at 5,000 feet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the most appropriate response to loss of
heading control in freefall? |
|
Definition
| altitude, arch, legs, relax |
|
|
Term
What is the best way to avoid a canopy collision when
turning? |
|
Definition
| Look first in the direction of the turn. |
|
|
Term
What is the quickest and safest way to change heading
immediately after opening? |
|
Definition
| back riser turn with the brakes still set |
|
|
Term
How would you steer a parachute that has a broken
brake line? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How would you prepare to land a canopy using the back
risers to flare? |
|
Definition
practice with rear-riser flares at altitude with that canopy
during a routine jump |
|
|
Term
| Describe your procedure for landing on a building |
|
Definition
Disconnect the RSL (if time), contact the building feet first,
PLF, cut away after landing on top of a building, wait for
competent help. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the automatic activation device? |
|
Definition
| to back up the jumper’s emergency procedures |
|
|
Term
| Describe the “check of threes.” |
|
Definition
Check three-ring release system for correct assembly and
RSL; three points of harness attachment for snap assembly or
correct routing and adjustment; three operation handles—
main activation, cutaway, reserve. |
|
|
Term
What must the spotter do to determine what is directly
underneath the aircraft while on jump run? |
|
Definition
place head completely outside the aircraft and look
straight down |
|
|
Term
How far horizontally must jumpers be from any cloud?
a. below 10,000 feet MSL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How far horizontally must jumpers be from any cloud?
b. 10,000 feet MSL and above? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the minimum visibility requirements?
a. below 10,000 feet MSL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the minimum visibility requirements?
b. 10,000 feet MSL and above? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who is responsible for a jumper observing cloud
clearance requirements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the BSRs, what is the latest a student may
jump? |
|
Definition
| All student jumps must be completed by sunset. |
|
|
Term
Describe the technique for determining the point straight
below the aircraft during jump run. |
|
Definition
Determine two lines from the horizon, one ahead and one
abreast, and find the intersection of those two lines. |
|
|
Term
What must the jumper look for below before exiting the
aircraft? |
|
Definition
| clouds and other aircraft |
|
|
Term
What happens to a jumper’s fall rate when performing
rolls, loops, or other freeflying maneuvers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What happens to a visual altimeter when it’s in the
jumper’s burble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to recover from a stall to full glide? |
|
Definition
| Smoothly raise the controls. |
|
|
Term
Describe an aerodynamic stall as it applies to a
ram-air canopy. |
|
Definition
| stable state of decreased glide and increased rate of descent |
|
|
Term
| When does a dynamic stall occur? |
|
Definition
at the end of a flare when the jumper begins to rock
back under the canopy |
|
|
Term
What happens after a dynamic stall if the tail is held
lower than the nose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the best way to determine a canopy’s optimum
flare speed and depth for landing? |
|
Definition
Practice different rates of flare entry at different
depths of flare. |
|
|
Term
| Describe your procedure for landing in high winds. |
|
Definition
Stay well downwind of any obstacle, face into the wind
early, disconnect the RSL, land with a PLF, pull one toggle
down completely, and after landing, cut away if necessary. |
|
|
Term
| How many A-lines does a nine-cell canopy have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
To what part of the canopy do the steering lines (brake
lines) connect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lines go through the rear slider grommets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where does the main pilot chute bridle attach
to the canopy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who may pack a main parachute? |
|
Definition
FAA rigger, person jumping the parachute, person
under rigger’s supervision |
|
|
Term
How often do the main and reserve parachute need
to be packed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How often do the main and reserve parachute need
to be packed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is in command of the aircraft? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two purposes for wearing seat belts in an aircraft. |
|
Definition
| to maintain the correct balance; protection in a crash |
|
|
Term
Who is responsible that the aircraft is in condition for
safe flight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Above what altitude MSL is the pilot of an unpressurized
aircraft required to breathe supplemental oxygen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Above what altitude MSL are all occupants of an
unpressurized aircraft required to be provided with
supplemental oxygen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In an aircraft with the exit door near the back, what
must jumpers do to maintain the balance during exit
procedures? |
|
Definition
| Remain forward until it is time for their group to exit. |
|
|
Term
What is the biggest danger to a jumper when flying the
canopy pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to avoid a canopy collision? |
|
Definition
| See and remain clear of other jumpers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
forms a separable link between the main riser and reserve
ripcord so that cutting away the main activates the reserve,
if the RSL is hooked up |
|
|
Term
What would happen if the main riser attached to the
RSL breaks? |
|
Definition
The reserve deploys with the main still attached by
the other riser. |
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to prevent risers from breaking? |
|
Definition
inspection and maintenance; correct packing, tight
line stowage, and stable deployment, all to prevent
hard openings |
|
|
Term
| Name one way to prevent a dual deployment. |
|
Definition
Deploy the main parachute at the correct altitude to avoid
AAD activation.
Initiate malfunction procedures high enough to cut away
safely and avoid AAD activation
Maintain and correctly operate hand-deployed pilot chutes,
especially collapsibles.
Protect equipment before exit to prevent pins or handles
from being knocked loose.
Maneuver gently below the AAD’s firing range |
|
|
Term
What is generally the best action to take in the following
two-canopy-out scenarios ?
a. Biplane |
|
Definition
Release the brakes on the front canopy only and steer that
canopy gently; PLF. |
|
|
Term
What is generally the best action to take in the following
two-canopy-out scenarios ?
Side by side |
|
Definition
Release the brakes on the dominant canopy only and steer
that canopy gently; or release the RSL (if time) and cut
away; PLF. |
|
|
Term
What is generally the best action to take in the following
two-canopy-out scenarios ?
Downplane |
|
Definition
| Release the RSL (if time) and cut away. |
|
|
Term
What is the best way to change the direction of canopy
flight while conserving the most altitude? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What happens if a canopy is controlled too deeply
in the brakes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the difference between flaring from half brakes
and full glide. |
|
Definition
Flaring from half brakes requires a quicker stroke, the stroke
is shorter, and stalls occur sooner. |
|
|
Term
How does the half-braked position affect the
canopy’s flight? |
|
Definition
| slows descent, changes glide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The angle at which the parachute descends towards its
projected landing point. |
|
|
Term
| How do you determine your glide path? |
|
Definition
Look ahead to find the point on the ground that appears
not to rise or sink. |
|
|
Term
| How does wind affect the glide path? |
|
Definition
The glide path will degrade as the wind decreases when
flying with the wind. The glide path will degrade as the
wind speed increases when flying into the wind. |
|
|
Term
| How is heading corrected during a track? |
|
Definition
| Dip one shoulder slightly in the direction of the turn. |
|
|
Term
When making tracking jumps from a large plane, why is
it important to track perpendicular to the jump run? |
|
Definition
| to avoid other groups ahead and behind |
|
|
Term
What is the ground speed of a jump aircraft with an
airspeed of 90 knots when flying against a 50-knot
headwind on jump run? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How can jumpers assure adequate separation between
groups exiting the aircraft? |
|
Definition
| gauge separation according to position over the ground |
|
|
Term
What are the three most important aspects of packing
the main canopy? |
|
Definition
lines straight and in place in the center, slider up,
tight line stows |
|
|
Term
| How can you tell if the RSL is routed correctly? |
|
Definition
| clear path from snap shackle to guide ring |
|
|
Term
What is the minimum pull altitude allowed for student
skydivers and A license holders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the maximum winds allowed for
student skydivers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If a jumper falls for one minute through upper winds
averaging 30 mph from the west:
a. How far will the jumper drift? Note: 60 mph = 1 mile
per minute; therefore, 30 mph = 1/2 mile per minute. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If a jumper falls for one minute through upper winds
averaging 30 mph from the west:
In which direction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe your procedure for landing in power lines. |
|
Definition
Avoid the area early during the descent, minimum braked
turn necessary to avoid lines, land parallel to the wires,
braked landing, prepare for PLF, try to touch only one line
at a time, wait for help and confirmation that the power
has been turned off and |
|
|
Term
In the event of an aircraft emergency with no students or
instructors aboard, who should coordinate procedures
between the pilot and the other jumpers on the load? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
At your drop zone, what is the lowest altitude the pilot
would likely ask jumpers to leave the plane during a
routine engine-out emergency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In an aircraft emergency, what is the lowest exit altitude
that you would deploy your main parachute before
choosing the reserve instead? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many jumps are required for the USPA A license? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a USPA A license permit a skydiver to do? |
|
Definition
jump without supervision, pack his or her own main
parachute, engage in basic group jumps, and perform
water jumps |
|
|
Term
What should an A-licensed jumper do to regain currency
after a ten-week period of inactivity? |
|
Definition
make at least one jump under the supervision of a USPA
instructional rating holder |
|
|
Term
What should an A-licensed jumper do to regain currency
after a four-month period of inactivity? |
|
Definition
make at least one jump beginning in Category D with a
USPA AFF Instructor or in Category B with a USPA
IAD Static-Line, or Tandem Instructor before proceeding
to unsupervised freefall |
|
|
Term
What is the primary directional control when moving
forward to dock in freefall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the minimum break-off altitude for freefall in
groups of five or fewer? |
|
Definition
| 1,500 feet above planned deployment altitude |
|
|
Term
| What is the danger of entering a toggle turn too quickly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does a canopy do after completing a maximum
input toggle turn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the three biggest dangers of a hard toggle
turn near the ground? |
|
Definition
| line twist, collision with jumpers, collision with the ground |
|
|
Term
What are the first things to do in the event of a collision
and entanglement with another jumper? |
|
Definition
| check altitude, establish communication |
|
|
Term
What is the most critical aspect of closing the main
container equipped with a hand-deployed pilot chute? |
|
Definition
| bridle routing and placement |
|
|
Term
Why is it a bad idea to drag the harness and container
system when stowing the lines? |
|
Definition
unnecessary wear on the three-ring release webbing
and loops |
|
|
Term
When velcro is used on the brake system, why is it a
good idea to place your toggles back on the velcro
after you land? |
|
Definition
covers the hook velcro, which can damage other components,
prevents tangles |
|
|
Term
| Who may maintain a main parachute system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it bad to leave a parachute in the sun? |
|
Definition
| Ultraviolet rays degrade nylon. |
|
|
Term
What damage could occur from storing a parachute
for prolonged periods in a car during the summer? |
|
Definition
| shorter life for AAD batteries, stow band degradation |
|
|
Term
What happens to velcro touch fastener when it is
used frequently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What happens to stiffened tuck flaps that are
frequently used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who publishes and enforces rules regarding parachute
packing and parachute maintenance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What may result if recovering altitude (floating up)
under a freefall formation? |
|
Definition
| collision with formation, funnel |
|
|
Term
What extra consideration is required when wearing
an AAD near the open door of an aircraft or when
climbing out? |
|
Definition
AAD activation near the open door of an aircraft presents
a dangerous situation. |
|
|
Term
Why is it important to remain clear of the area directly
above and below other jumpers in freefall? |
|
Definition
possibility of AAD activation or other accidental or
unplanned pack opening |
|
|
Term
Why is it important to maintain an automatic activation
device to the manufacturer’s standards? |
|
Definition
to improve their chances for correct operation, to help
prevent premature AAD activations, to comply with the law |
|
|
Term
What is the correct response to a canopy entanglement
with another jumper below 1,000 feet if it appears
the two canopies cannot be separated in time for a
safe landing? |
|
Definition
Deploy the reserve (may not be a safe option with an
SOS system). |
|
|
Term
| Describe your procedure for landing in trees. |
|
Definition
Face into the wind, prepare for PLF, flare to half brakes,
protect face and under arms, wait for help. |
|
|
Term
| What does a tall cumulus cloud indicate? |
|
Definition
| thunderstorms in the area |
|
|
Term
What is the most dangerous part of an incoming
front for aircraft and skydivers? |
|
Definition
thunderstorms in the gust front; rapid and significant
changes in winds |
|
|
Term
How does a canopy’s air speed, ground speed, and
descent rate change with an increase in density altitude? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why is it important to look ahead during a swoop
toward other jumpers in freefall? |
|
Definition
| to see others and avoid a collision |
|
|
Term
What is the fastest way to slow down from a freefall
swoop approach? |
|
Definition
| slow fall position with arms forward and knees down |
|
|
Term
What is the danger of a loose or worn main container
closing loop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why must three-ring release cables be cleaned
periodically? |
|
Definition
| Corrosion deposits cause them to bind. |
|
|
Term
If you see that you have begun to turn too low to
the ground for a safe landing, what should be your
first response? |
|
Definition
| Neutralize the turn and get the canopy overhead. |
|
|
Term
What effect does pulling on the front risers
have on the canopy? |
|
Definition
| dramatic increase in rate of descent |
|
|
Term
When performing front riser maneuvers, what
should you do with the toggles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the two biggest dangers of front-riser
maneuvers near the ground? |
|
Definition
| collisions with other jumpers, collision with the ground |
|
|
Term
What are some of the possible results of a turn
made too low to the ground? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe your procedure for landing in water. |
|
Definition
Inflate flotation device, disconnect chest strap and RSL,
prepare for PLF, face into wind, flare, hold breath, cut away
once feet are wet, remove leg straps, swim upwind; if under
the canopy, dive deep and swim away or follow one seam
until out from underneath. |
|
|
Term
What is the maximum percentage of visible wear
allowable on a main closing loop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Can a jump be legally made from an aircraft
without an operating radio? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the least notification the FAA requires
before any jump or series of jumps may be made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where can a pilot look to determine if a plane is
approved for flight with the door removed? |
|
Definition
| AC 105.2, Appendix 2, or aircraft owner’s manual |
|
|
Term
Whose name will the FAA require when filing
a notification for parachute jumping? |
|
Definition
|
|
