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Definition
| some growth at one year, rapid growth at age 7 onwards. Prior, neurocranium was dominant in size. |
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Definition
Two compact bones sandwiches a trabecular tissue.
Frontal
Parietal
Sagittal
Occipital
Coronal Suture
Lambdoid Suture |
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Definition
| Transmission of infection from extracranium to the trabecular soft tissue within the calvaria and to the dural sinuses and meninges. |
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Term
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Definition
1)Anterior Fontanelle-BREGMA
2)Posterior fontanelle-LAMBDA
3)Sphenoidal fontanelle-PTERION
4)Mastoid fontanelle-ASTERION (exposed to forceps injury during delivery) |
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Definition
Craniosynostosis
Scaphocephaly
Brachycephaly
Acrocephaly
Craniofacial dystosis |
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Term
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Definition
1)Consists of squamous and orbital parts that meet at the supraorbital margin
2)Surpaorbital margin contains the supraorbital and supratrochlear foramina that transmit the corresponding supraorbital and supratrochlear vessels and nerves
3)Squamous part is marked by the superciliary arch that provides origin to the corrugator supercilii muscle |
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Term
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Definition
1)Flat bone that contributes to the formation of the coronal, lambdoid and sagittal sutures
2)Inner surface contains impressions for the middle meningeal vessels |
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Term
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Definition
1)Body, orbital plate, alveolar, frontal, and zygomatic processes
2)Alveolar process gives attachment to the buccinator muscle
3)Frontal process gives attachment to the levator labii superioris alaqua nasi and orbicularis oculi
4)Zygomatic process articulates with zygomatic bone |
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Term
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Definition
1)Consists of a squamous, petromastoid, and tympanic
2)Squamous part forms the temporal fossa and contains the temporalis muscle and fascia
3)Gives rise to the zygomatic process that articulates with the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch
4)Zygomatic process provides attachment to the masseter muscle
5)Contains the mandibular fossa that articulates with the mandibular condyles |
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Term
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Definition
1)The mandible consists of body, rami, condyles and processes
2)Body is marked anteriorly by the symphysis menti and the mental protuberance
3)Mental foramen is inferior to the 2nd premolar tooth and transmits the corresponding vessels and nerve depressor labii inferioris and depressor anguli oris attach medial to the mental foramen
4)Mandibular ramus is quadrilateral, with two surfaces and two processes: coronoid and condylar processes
5)Medial surface contains the mandibular foramen that contains the inferior alveolar artery, vein and nerve
6) Lateral surface gives attachment to the masseter muscle
7) coronoid (muscular) process gives attachment to the insertion of the temporalis muscle
8) Condylar (mandibular) process covered by articular disc; forms the temporomandibular joint |
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Term
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Definition
Skin
Dense Connective Tissue-most of arteries & anchors to wall of the arteries. Anastomosis & inability for wall to collapse-profuse bleeding associated with scalp injuries.
Aponeurotica-tendenous layer, connects frontalis and occipitalis; frontooccipitalis.
Loose Connective Tissue-"black eye". considered dangerous because infection can spread to "emissary vein" "superior sagittal sinus" pericranium and limited posteriorly.
Pericranium |
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Term
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Definition
1)Orbicularis Oculi consists of orbital, palpebral and lacrimal parts
2)Orbital part surrounds the orbital margin- active in forceful closure of the eye
3)Palpebral part covers the eyelids; originates from the medial palpebral ligament
4)Active during sleep, blinking and during voluntary closure of the eyelids
Mediates corneal reflex; antagonist to the levator palpebrae muscle
5)Lacrimal part covers the lacrimal sac, and upon contraction dilates the sac--allows tear secretion
-Corrugator supercilii
6)Originates from the superciliary arch
Produces, upon contraction, vertical wrinkles between eyebrows |
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Term
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Definition
1)Nasal Musculature
Nasalis consists of transverse and alar parts
a)Transverse part (compressor naris) produces narrowing of the nostrils
b)alar part (dilator naris) widens the nostrils
2)Procerus - attaches to the nasal bone and produces horizontal wrinkles; active in frowning and concentration
3)Depressor septi - a small muscle pulls the mobile nasal septum downward and also widens the nostrils |
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Term
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Definition
1)Consist of the orbicularis oris and the muscles that insert into the angle of the mouth, and upper and lower lips
2) Orbicularis Oris - forms a sphincter around the oral orifice, receiving fibers from muscles that insert around the mouth
3)Muscles that insert into the upper lip
- Levator labii superioris
- Levator labii superioris alaquae nasi
- Zygomaticus minor
- deepens the nasolabial sulcus as occurs in crying
4)Muscles that insert into the angle of the mouth
a)Levator anguli oris
b)infraorbital nerve and vessels emerge from the infraorbital foramen between the levator labii superior and levator anguli oris
Depressor anguli oris
5)Zygomaticus major- lifts the angle of the mouth in an outward direction (laughing muscle)
6)Risorius -curls the upper lip as in smiling and expressing contempt or disdain |
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Term
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Definition
1)Muscles that insert into the lower lip:
a)Depressor labii inferioris
b)Mentalis raises and puckers the lower lip
c)Platysma extends from the upper thoracic wall, 2nd or 3rd rib, and clavicle, and inserts into the mandible and partly the angle of the mouth. It lies within the superficial fascia of the neck |
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Term
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Definition
a)Originates from the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible and the pterygomandibular raphe
b)Inserts into the upper and lower lips in a crisscross fashion
c)Fills the gap between the maxilla and mandible, preventing food accumulation in the vestibule of the oral cavity
d)Pierced by the parotid (Stenson’s) duct at the level of the upper second molar tooth
3)Separated from the superior pharyngeal constrictor by the pterygomandibular raphe that connects the pterygoid process to the mylohyoid line of the mandible
4)Bell’s palsy produces paralysis of the buccinator muscle, leading to accumulation of food between the cheek and teeth |
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Term
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Definition
1)Irregular or a condylar joint formed by the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone above, and the condyle of the mandible below
2)Articular tubercle is not involved in movement of this joint except when the mouth is wide open the mandibular condyle moves anteriorly and rests on the articular tubercle
3)A synovial joint invested by a fibrous capsule and contains an articular disc
4)Articular disc separates the joint cavity and gives attachment to lateral pterygoid muscle
5)Ligaments
- Lateral (temporomandibular) ligament is a thickening of the lateral part of the joint capsule
-(not important) Sphenomandibular ligament extends from the lingula to the spine of the sphenoid
Innervation- Auriculotemporal nerve
***Dislocation or hardening of the TMJ or fracture of the associated bones can injure the auriculotemporal nerve and causes pain that radiates to the ear and external acoustic meatus *** |
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Term
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Definition
1)Allows elevation, depression, protraction, and retraction of the mandible via the muscles of mastication
2)Contraction elevates the mandible. Works together with the lateral pterygoid of the opposite side to produce side-to-side grinding movement of the mandible.
3)a)Temporalis (elevator & retractor of the mandible)
b)Lateral Pterygoid(ONLY muscle that depresses the mandible and opens the mouth)
c)Medial Pterygoid (elevates the mandible and is responsible for side to side motion) |
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