opportunistic fungal infections (adaptable)

commensal organisms

part of normal flora in majority of people

Candida albicans

Candida parapsilosis

candida tropicalis

candida glabrata

candida krusei

most common types of candida

OTHERS:

candida guilliermondii

candida dubliniensis

candida inconspicua

candida parapsilosis

&

candida krusei

Cutaneous

Systemic

Mucous membrane

overgrowth - inflammatory response (hair,penis, nail, skin folds, diaper rash)

CNS, Resp, CV, Hepatic, ocular, neonate debilitation

oral thrush, yeast vaginitis (most common, easy to TX)

esophagitis, gastrointestinal, UTI

Immunodeficiency (thush - HIV test)

diabetes, cancers

neutropenia

corticosteroids

broad spectrum, long term use of antibiotics

hospital stay (w/catheterization)

disease/surgery

Not true pathogens - more for survival

adherence - (strong = more virulent)

dimorphism - pseudohyphae

proteinases, phospholipases

phenotypic switching - evasion of neutrophil killing and antifungal resistance

microscopy (Gram stain- must be only one or predominant organism)

Primarily:

agar culture - color reaction

blood culture

Infant - first exposure birth canal, breast feeding

Adolescent/Adults (predisposed) - HIV

cottage cheese patches, pseudomembranous, leukoplakia

Geriatric - denture stomatitis

TX: Nystatin (swish in mouth)

common, normal flora

change in vaginal flora, decreased pH

diabetes, contraceptive

differentiate: Lactobacillus (normal, gram +) Candida (large budding yeast) Gardnerella (gram -) Trichomonas (parasite)

sexual transmission

TX: single dose fluconazole (diflucan); other -azole

"Yeast Infection"

candida albicans

gardnerella vaginalis

trichomonas vaginalis

white curdy discharge that smells yeasty, vaginal lining is dry/red

abundant gray/white frothy discharge with fishy smell, vaginal lining is pink

greenish/yellow frothy foul smelling discharge, vaginal lining is tender/red

overgrowth in moist area

unable to penetrate skin

diaper rash (in feces)

pruritic rash, vesicular

nail bed and nail infection

assoc. w/ neutropenia and/or immunodef.

originates from GI

hematogeous spread to any organ (in hospital):

CV

CNS

Resp.

Abdominal abscesses, peritonitis

ocular

bone and joint

UTI