Term
| Environmental and physical diseases |
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Definition
1.Solar Cutaneous disease (sunburn)
-hair, keratin and pigmentation prevent
-photosensitization allows
*primary=ingested photodynamic chem.
*secondary= hepatogenous
2.Acral lick dermatitis
-usually due to boredom
3.feline psychogenic alopecia
-behavior problem in young females
4.callus
-over bony prominences
5.injection site reaction
-adjuvanted-killed vaccines
-can cause vasculitis(cats + horses)
6.skin fold dermatitis
-face and vulva
7.temperature extremes
-burns, frost bite
-cryofibrinogenemia (cats)
*called cold agglutinating disease |
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Term
| Superficial Bacterial Diseases |
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Definition
**bacteria require predisposing causes**
--3 lines of defense =
a.physical(hair, keratin)
b.chemical (fatty acids, Ig's)
c.microbial
1.Superficial pustular dermatitis (impetigo)
-puberty decreases skin defenses
2.Pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot-spot)
-atopy/flea allergy causes licking
3.Dermatophilosis
-chronic damp skin
4.exudative epidermatitis in pigs (greasey pig disease)
-abrasions in the epidermis
5.fleece rot
-moist fleece
6.equine pastern dermatitis
-wet feet
7.interdigital dermatitis (scald) and foot rot
-wet feet |
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Term
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Definition
**bacteria require predisposing causes**
1.Staphylococcal folliculitis and furunculosis
-GERMAN SHEPHERDS
2.Cat-bite abcesses
-face and rump
3.mycobacterial infection
-leprosy (cats + dogs)
4.botryomycosis
-sulphur granules |
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Term
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Definition
1.Pox virus/parapox virus
-paplar stomatitis/milkers nodules
-contagious ecthyma/scabby mouth/orf
2.Herpes virus
-BoHV 1 =IBR and IPV
-BoHV 2/4 =mamillitis
-EHV 3 = coital exanthema
-OHV 2 =MCF
3.Papilloma virus
-self resolving warts
-equine sarcoids (bovine pap virus) |
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Term
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Definition
**cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic**
1.Cutaneous:
a.Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
-young, immunosuppresses, humid
-Microsporum canis
b.Malassezia dermatitis
-WEST HIGHLAND WHITES (congenital)
-secondary to atopy
-results in otitis
2.Systemic:
a.Cryptococcosis (cryptococcus neoformans)
-entry via lungs
-cats -swelling on bridge of nose |
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Term
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Definition
**Ectoparasites**
1.Demodicosis
-PITBULLS
-dogs only
-non-pruitic
-young dogs =puberty interrupts T-cell function
-old dogs =T-cell dysfunction
2.Sarcoptic Mange:
-no underlying disease needed
-very pruitic =hypersensitivity
-very few mites needed to cause pruitis
3.Fleas
-allergic disease
4.Chorioptic mange
-production animals
-lower limbs, scrotum/perineum, udder
5.Flies
-allergies (cats + mosquitoes and stable fly + horses)
-fly strike (myiasis) |
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Term
Immune-mediated Skin Disease
(Hypersensitivity) |
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Definition
**over reaction to foreign allergens**
--excessive IgE production and Mast cell degranulation --
-4 types: Flea, Atopy, Food, contact
*dogs =self trauma
*cats:
a.miliary dermatitis (epidermal pustules)
b.eosinophilic granulomas
c.feline allergic dermatitis
*horses =utricaria (hives) |
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Term
Immune-mediated Skin Disease
(Autoimmune) |
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Definition
**over reaction to self antigen**
--rare in animals
1.Pemphigus foliaceous
-Ab's against cellular adhesion factors within the epidermis
-ORIENTAL BREEDS OF DOG
a.chow chow
b.akita
2.Discoid lupus erythematosus
-COLLIES AND GERMAN SHEPARDS
-"collie nose"
- triggered by UV radiation
-causes excessive B-cell response |
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Term
| Canine Endocrinopathies and Skin Disease |
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Definition
1.Hypothyroidism
-older dogs (often misdiagnosed)
-usually diagnosed based on:
a.idiopathic follicular atrophy
b.lymphocytic thyroiditis
-blood test not skin biopsy
-alopecia not symmetrical
2.Non-thyroid endocrinopathies (4)
-need blood tests
-follicles in telogen phase (resting)
-non-inflammatory
-non-pruitic
-bilaterally symmetrical alopecia
a.hyperadrenocorticism (Cushings)
-alopecia
-calcinosis cutis (diagnostic)
b. Cyclical Flank alopecia (seasonal flank alopecia)
-BULLDOGS AND BOXERS
-symmetrical
-self-resolving
-seasonal (photoperiod changes)
c.Growth hormone responsive dermatosis
-low GH in growing animals =dwarf
-low GH in adults =alopecia
d.sex hormone responsive dermatitis
-FERRETS
-adrenocortical adenoma
-alopecia + feminism in ovarian or sertoli cells tumors
-alopecia X -NORDIC BREEDS =reduced testosterone in intact males with grossly normal testes. |
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Term
| Non-canine Endocrinopathies and Skin Disease |
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Definition
1.Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (EPPID)
-fail to shed winter coat (remain in anagen)
-NOT CALLED EQUINE CUSHINGS
2.Iodine deficiency (Goiter)
-reduced maternal I-
-stillbirth
-alopecia |
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Term
| Nutritional Disorders and Skin Disease |
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Definition
1.Starvation
-food animals
-low protein = no hair growth
2.Laminitis
-increased CHO intake
-pedal rotation
-thickened keratin over the hoof |
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Term
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Definition
1.Seborrhea
-immature keratinocytes reach the epidermis
-predisposes to infection by bacteria or malassezia yeasts
-signature odor
-Primary =congenital (COCKER SPANIELS)
-secondary =self-trauma or endocrinopathy
2.Juvenile sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis
-"puppy strangles"
-face, ears and mucocutaneous junctions
-enlarged mandibular lymph nodes
-treat with corticosteroids
3.Feline Plasma cell pododermatitis
-"cushion pad" or "pillow foot"
-massive plasma cells infiltration of the paws
-possible immune basis
-treat with corticosteroids |
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Term
| Non-neoplastic tumors of the Skin |
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Definition
**usually only companion animals**
1.Nevus (focal adnexal hyperplasia)
-increased collagen
-mostly in dogs (some cats)
2.benign sebaceous gland hyperplasia
-BEAGLES, COCKERS and POODLES
-wart-like
-older dogs
3.Follicular cyst
-malformed follicles that plug up with keratin
-usually on the head and neck
-BOXERS and SHIH TZUS
4.Calcinosis circumscripta
-over bony processes over limbs and under the tongue
-GERMAN SHEPHERDS
-some horses
-dystrophic calcification secondary to trauma |
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Term
| Possibly Neoplastic Tumors of the Skin |
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Definition
1.Canine cutaneous Histiocytoma
-any nodular skin mass should be considered a histiocytoma first
-local proliferations of Langerhans cells (macrophage)
-most common on the head and feet of young dogs
-"strawberry tumors"
-cytology is diagnostic and it curative
-spontaneous resolution
2.Lipoma
-dogs and cats
-subcutaneous pockets of fat
-freely mobile
-more common in obese animals
-rarely become infiltrative
3.Hemangioma
-solar induced dark purple masses
-abdomen and medial thigh |
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Term
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Definition
1.Epithelial cell tumors: develop from adnexal structures or the epidermis
a.Sebaceous and apocrine gland adenomas
-very common in dogs, less in cats
-excision is curative
-usually multiple masses present
-eyelids = Meibomian gland adenoma
b.Basal cell tumors (trichoblastoma)
-develop from follicular basal cells
-can be pigmented
-usually on the head (esp cats)
-excision curative
c.follicular neoplasms
-divided into 3 categories based on location in the follicle:
1.trichoepithelioma
2.pilomatricoma
3.intracutaneous cornifying epithelioma
-all contain keratin which if ruptured causes and inflammatory response
-excision curative
d.Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-most common malignant neoplasm
-derived from surface epithelium and induced by UV
-most common in cats
-always ulcerative
e.Hepatoid Gland adenoma
-cytologically resemble hepatocytes
-only common in dogs (entire males)
-derived from modified sebaceous glands around the rectum
-testosterone-responsive
f. Mammary gland tumors
-common in dogs and cats (mostly benign in dogs, malignant in cats)
-in dogs they contain cartilage and bone
-one of the few malignant neoplasms that develop skin metastases in cats |
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Term
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Definition
2.Round cell tumors: develop from bone marrow, arranged in sheets.
a.Mast cell tumors
-LABS, BOXERS, SHAR PEIS, BOSTON TERRIERS and PUGS
-graded in dogs (1-3):
1=confined to the dermis
2= well differentiated but in the hypodermis
3= poorly differentiated and in the hypodermis (mitotic figures etc.)
-3 cm margins with excision essential
-worse is Shar Peis
b.Cutaneous plasmacytoma
-found in dogs mostly
-sheets of well differentiated plasma cells
-extracellular amyloid is a feature
-cat cutaneous plasmacytomas are associated with an underlying multiple myeloma = guarded prognosis |
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Term
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Definition
3.Spindle cell Tumors: develop from connective tissue within the dermis
a.Hemangiopericytoma
-"soft tissue sarcoma" or "neurofibrosarcoma"
-whirling bundles of cells
-limbs of older female dogs
-infiltrative but rarely metastasize
-usually results in euthanasia
b.Dermal melanoma
-dogs = haired skin =benign
-dogs = non-haired skin = malignant
-cats = considered malignant
-horses= young =benign
-horses = old greys =malignant
c.cutaneous hemangiosarcoma
-only in dogs
-induced by UV
-metastasize late in clinical course
-excision usually curative
d.equine sarcoids
-common in young
-induced by bovine papillomavirus 1 or 2
-occur in areas they are easily traumatized
-can be infiltrative |
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