Term
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Definition
Pyoderma localized within hair follicle and the apocrine regions; lesions consist of small erythematous, sometimes pruritic papules often topped by a central pustule.
Agents: Staph aureus; pseudomonas aeruginosa; enterobacteriaceae (acne) Candida |
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Term
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Definition
| Deep inflammatory module, develops from preceding folliculitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Process is more extensive, extending into the subcutaneous fat in areas covered by thick inelastic skin. Drain to the surface along hair follicles. |
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Term
| Treatment for folliculitis |
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Definition
| Local measures, saline compresses, topical antimicrobials |
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Term
| Treatment for furuncle and carbuncle |
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Definition
| Moist heat (promotes localization and drainage), antibiotics, surgical drainage |
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Term
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Definition
| Superficial infection of the skin, highly communicable, clinically and bacteriologically can be subdivided into two distinct subtypes (impetigo contagiosa, bullous impetigo), typically occurs in children and young adults, often begins as a single lesion but then multiple lesions develop |
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Term
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Definition
Begins as small vesicles that rapidly pustulate and readily rupture. With drying of the purulent discharge, characteristic thick, golden yellow crust are formed. Lesions remain superficial, no ulceration or infiltration
Common sites: exposed areas; pruritis is common |
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Term
| Etiology of impetigo contagiosa |
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Definition
| Previously most cases (80%) were caused by Strep pyogenes, recently only 20-30%, most common agent - Staph aureus; necessity to treat because of sequelae of S. pyogenes infections |
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Term
| Pathogenesis of impetigo contagiosa |
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Definition
| The bacteria enter the epidermis through breaks in the stratum corneum caused by trauma and produce infection |
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Term
| Therapy for impetigo contagiosa |
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Definition
| Presently penicillinase resistant penicillins (S. aureus), erythromycin, cephalosporin; Mupirocin, topically, effective when few lesions are present |
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Term
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Definition
| Begins as vesicles, evolving into large bullae that persist for days. When the bulla ruptures it leaves an erythematous base with a varnish like thin brown crust. |
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Term
| Differential diagnosis of bullous impetigo |
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Definition
| Herpes virus infections, contact dermatitis, fungal infections |
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Term
| Etiology of bullous impetigo |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathogenesis of bullous impetigo |
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Definition
| Staph toxins produced at the site of lesion cause the subcorneal cleave characteristic of bullous impetigo |
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Term
| Therapy for bullous impetigo |
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Definition
| Penicillinase resistant penicillins or erythromycin |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammatory follicular, papular and pustular eruption involving a sebaceous apparatus. |
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Term
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Definition
Propionibacterium acnes (critical); blocked follicles become anaerobic culture medium filled with nutrients (lipids)
Free fatty acids --> retention hyperkeratosis --> microcomedo formation |
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Term
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Definition
| Benzoyl peroxide (Clearasil and ProActiv) Topical antibiotics - Clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline |
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Term
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Definition
| Benign tumors of the skin and mucous membranes caused by infection of epidermal cells with papillomavirus |
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Term
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Definition
| HPV infects and replicates in keratinizing cells in the epidermis; the presence of the virus stimulates epidermal proliferation, resulting in epidermal thickening and hyperkeratosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Immunosuppression, working as a butcher/meat cutter |
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Term
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Definition
| Treatment of warts is nonspecific, destructive, and usually painful. The goal is destruction of the keratinocytes that are infected with HPV. There are a variety of physical (cryotherapy, desiccation and curettage, and excision); chemical (salicyclic acid, lactic acid, podophyllin, and tretinoin), and biologic (DNCB) modalities used to treat warts and the choice of therapy is determined by the number, size and location of the lesions. |
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Term
| Definition of molluscum contagiosum |
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Definition
| Viral infection of the skin w/ characteristic morphology |
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Term
| Pathogenesis of molluscum contagiosum |
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Definition
| Molluscum virus replicates in the cytoplasm of the keratinocyte, resulting in eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and proliferation of the epidermis |
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Term
| History of molluscum contagiosum |
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Definition
| Molluscum contagiosum is a common childhood disease |
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Term
| Physical examination of molluscum contagiosum |
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Definition
The papules are 2-5 mm, hard, smooth, dome-shaped and flesh-colored or translucent
They have a central umbilication
Occur singly or in groups, most commonly on the trunk, face and extremities of children or on the genitalia of sexually active adults |
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Term
| Differential diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum |
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Definition
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Term
| Therapy of molluscum contagiosum |
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Definition
| Curettage or cryotherapy w/ liquid nitrogen |
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Term
| Fungal infections (mycoses) |
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Definition
Superficial infections (of concern because of their cosmetic appearance)
Cutaneous infections caused by dermatophytes, which are restricted to the keratinized tissues - the nails, hair and stratum corneum of the skin; subcutaneous infections; deep seated systemic infections that cause debilitating and fatal diseases
Candida infections |
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Term
| Dermatophytoses definition |
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Definition
| Infection of skin by fungi collectively called dermatophytes |
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Term
| Pathogenesis of dermatophytoses |
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Definition
Dermatophytes grow on humans, animals, and exist in soil
They are keratinophilic (feed on keratin). They produce keratinases, a necessary requirement for their keratinophilia
Stratum corneum, hair and nails are substrates
Dermatophytes do not invade beyond the epidermis because of 1. their dependence on keratin for nutrition and 2. fungistatic properties of human serum; typically dermatophyte infections spread in a centrifugal pattern showing a "ringworm" appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for infections. It is followed by a qualifying term that denotes the location of the infection |
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Term
| Therapy for dermatophytes |
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Definition
| Infections involving only limited areas - topical antifungal agents (until the infection is clinically clear and then for an additional 1-2 weeks); widespread disease or scalp disease: systemic therapy is indicated |
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Term
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Definition
| = ringworm of food; spread from human to human indirectly through contaminated floors, towels, combs, bed linens. Warmth and moisture required. In the Western World - 30-70% of population is infected, most cases are subclinical |
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Term
| Symptoms of athlete's foot |
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Definition
| from peeling and cracking of the skin to acute ulcerative form |
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Term
| Chronically infected individuals with Athlete's foot |
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Definition
| develop hypersensitivity to the fungus, an allergic response follows (vesicles on the hands, testing by a skin test) |
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Term
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Definition
| An infestation of the skin with Sarcoptes scabiei mite. It is acquired by close contact with an infected person |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardinal symptom is severe unrelenting pruritis, which is frequently more intense at night. Itching usually begins 1 month following infestation with the mite. It is due to sensitization to the mite protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin lesions consist of erythematous papules, pustules, vesicles (esp. in infants) and nodules; pathognomonic linear burrows, rarely longer than 1 cm are not seen in all patients; once pruritis devs, excoriations (=scratch marks) are seen in addition to the primary lesions; distribution of lesions is diffuse w/ greater concentrations on the hands and feet, particularly the interdigital webs, and in the body folds (axillae, groin and fingerwebs) |
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Term
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Definition
| All family members and close contacts must be treated, topical agents that kill mites and ova: permethrin, lindane, crotamiton and sulfer 5-10% in petrolatum; antihistamines are helpful for pruritis, esp at night. |
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