Term
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Definition
Most important: M. Tubercleprae ulosis and M.
1)M. Tuberculosis (chronic pulmonary diseas) and
2)M. Leprae (skin and connective disease)
3)Atypical Mycobacteria (contain species that may cause infection of the lungs) |
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Term
| Mycobacteria Morphology and Characteristics |
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Definition
1) aerobic
2) slender straight,curved, or rod shaped bacteia
3) usually resistant to dying, most disinfectants, acids, alkalis
4) heat sensitive
5) don't take up Gram stain well (mycolic acid), use Ziehl Nielsen or Kinyoun |
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Term
| Acid Fast Stain: Ziehl-Nielson |
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Definition
1) Apply primary stain: carbol fuchsin
2) Decolorize with acid alcohol
3) counterstin with methylene blue
4) Mycobacteria retain primary stain, Acid Fast or Acid fast bacilli |
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Term
| Virulens Factors for Mycobacterium |
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Definition
1) Cord Factor (sugar trehalose 6,6,dimycolate: stacking, inhibitor, epithelial metaplasia and giant cell
2) sulfatides or sulfalipids (inhibit fusion of phagosome and lysosome
3) LAM (inhibits macrophage activation and scavenges oxidative radicals) |
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Term
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Definition
1) inhibits macrohpage activation and scavenges ocidative radicals
2) PPDs are derived from these proteins |
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Term
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Definition
1) causes Leprosy
2) Acid Fast
3) Obligate Intracellular
4) Transmitted by respiratory droplets in association with prolonged (years) of close contact with a diseased person (lepromatous) |
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Term
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Definition
1)Long incubation period (2-10 years)
2) 2 Phases: Tuberculoid and Lepromatous |
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Term
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Definition
| Paucibacillary (pauci=few) disease- tuberculoid phase; mostly do not transmit in this phase |
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Term
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Definition
| multibacillary (many) disease- most infections stage and organism found in upper respiratory tract |
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Term
| Prodromal Stage of Leprosy |
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Definition
1)First sign is feeling of numbness
2) Temperature is first sensation lost, then light touch, pain and deep pressure in order
3)Hypopigmentation
Sensory loss usually beins in extremities |
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Term
| Tuberculoid Characteristics |
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Definition
1) benign, non progressive
2) Paucibacillary
3) Palbale nerves (sever peripheral nerve damage)
4) Positive lepromin test
5) Common in those with vigorous response** |
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Term
| Lepromatous Phase Characteristics |
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Definition
1) Malignant, progressive
2) nodular skin lesions
3) negative lepromin test
4) down regulated or wrong type of T-cell activation (th2) |
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Term
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Definition
| modified mononuclear or epithelioid cells |
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Term
| Lepromarous Stage Manifestations? |
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Definition
1) *leonine faces
2) loss of eyebros
3) *edem of legs is a late finding
4) eye involvement
5) few more things but starred importnat two |
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Term
| Immunity (T cells involved with which stages) |
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Definition
PB/tuberculoid: Th1
MB/lepromatous: Th2
*Th2 suppress Th1 leading to less activation of macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
1)Cannot be cultivated from tissue
2) rely on biopsy of tissue- acid fast stain (SNET: Skin, Nasal Scraping, Ear Lobes, Tissue Secretions)
3) organisms seen in lepra cell
If not clear rely on presentation of lesions |
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Term
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Definition
1) inject heat kill M. leprae from armadillos
*2) no diagnostic value
*3) prognostic for the immune status of patient |
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Term
| Treatment (only high yield) |
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Definition
1) MDT (multidrug therapy); Dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine,
2) Stage dependent; Pb/Tuberculoid:6-12 month of dapsone and rifampcin
MB/lepromatous: 12-24 month of dapson rifampcin, clofazimine
3) Patients no longer infections after first dose of MDT
4) Patients who complete therapy are considered cured
5) Thalidomide approved for treating leprosy as immune modulator (controversial
6) Irreversible nerve damge leading to loss of sensation may result |
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Term
| Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria |
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Definition
1) Mycobacterium Marinum
2) Source is fresh, salt water, swimming pools
3) Clinical infection is granulomatous ulcerations of the skin
4) 2-8 week incubation (papules that enlarge and supporate) |
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Term
| You are cleaning somebodies aquarium over the qeekend and scrape hand in the aquarium then have lesion that becomes infected what is the organism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) Faculatative intracellular
2) Facultative to strict anaerobic
3) gram positive
4) Bacteria with fungi like structure (mycleia or hyphae)
5) Non acid fast |
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Term
| Is Actinomyces exogenous or endogenous? |
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Definition
| Endogenous- no person to person contact |
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Term
| Actinomyces species that cause disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are actinyces fast or slow growing? |
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Definition
| Slow Growth, produce chronic slowyly developing disease |
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Term
| Where is Actinomycosis normally found? |
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Definition
| skin; only cause disease when normal mucosal barriers are disrupted; pathogenic proliferation after 1) trauma, 2) surgery (tooth extraction), 3) infection |
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Term
| What diseases does Actinomycosis cause |
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Definition
1) Chronic granulomatous lesions
2) Become suppurative
3) Form Abscesses connected by sinus tracts
4)** Form microscopic colonies- sulfur granules- fibrotic walling of lesion |
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Term
| What are the Risk factors for Actinomycosis? |
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Definition
1) Trauma or inusr to oral cavit
2) Aspiration of organism into long
3) injust to GIT
4) Pelvic infection
5)CNS hematogenous spread fro other site |
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Term
| What is the most common site for actinomycosis? |
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Definition
1) Cervicofacial area (face and mandible)
2) associated wiht poor oral hygiene
3) lumpy jaw
4) draining sinus tract along jaw line |
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Term
| What are other presentation of Actinmycoses? |
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Definition
| Thoracic, Abdominal, Cerebral |
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Term
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Definition
1) can lead to extensive tissue destruction
2) Abscesses
3) Obstruction
4) and causes PID |
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Term
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Definition
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