Term
|
Definition
| The muscles covering that part of the body between the chest and the pelvis and enclosing the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flexion or retraction movements to help reduce the pressure buildup on the snowboard or skis that results from terrain variations or turn dynamics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The method for presenting a lesson plan. An instructor uses an action plan to introduce tasks and progressions, and maintain a productive learning environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The learning domain relates to feelings, emotions, values, spirituality, and the appreciation of beauty, such as in art or wildlife. Learning a sport can create growth in the affective domain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To the rear of the skis or snowboard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The positioning of the body so that the forces derived from the interaction of the skis or snowboard on the snow pass through the body's center of mass to produce the intended movement. |
|
|
Term
| American Teaching System (ATS) |
|
Definition
| The methods, models, and philosophy of teaching snowsports as collected, developed, and disseminated by PSIA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Techniques that teachers use to help students retain knowledge and skills, including practice (mileage), positive reinforcement, and questioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The formation of angles between major adjacent and supportive body segments through movement in a diagonal or lateral plane. The purpose of angulation is to control the edge angles of the skis on the snow. While skiers can angulate from the ankles, knees, hips, and spine, the hips produce the greatest range of edge control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A personality role in which the individual transforms resources into ideas or solutions and defines problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of evaluating student characteristics to determine how to structure individualized, effective lessons. The instructor collects important clues about each student - emotional makeup, expectations, learning preferences, physical ability, and skiing or snowboarding experience - all of which indicate how the student will receive information and respond to learning. The instructor assesses the student throughout the lesson to ensure synthesis and communication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acronym for "Approach, Takeoff, Maneuver, Landing". A system developed by PSIA and AASI, consisting of 4 phases used to evaluate skier/rider performance on any freestyle terrain feature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Learners who process information verbally and cognitively. These individuals respond well to verbal descriptions of movements to be performed and generally prefer to talk about their experiences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Snowboard term; direction of initial spin or turn in which a rider's back is toward the direction of travel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. The ability to control equilibrium.
2. The state of controlling the forces generated by the ski or snowboard's interaction with the snow in order to main poised and properly aligned on the skis or snowboard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscular actions that maintain equilibrium or the desired alignment on skis or snowboard. These movements are usually divided into two categories:
1. actions that affect fore and aft balance
2. actions that affect lateral balance
Balancing movements are one of the four basic skiing skills. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The bottom of the skis or snowboard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Both sides of the body moving in the same direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Devices that attach the skis or snowboard to the boots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How a snowboard responds to a rider's movements: tilt, pivot, twist, and pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The degree of resistance that a ski or snowboard boot provides to movements of the ankle and lower leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A non-snow sliding feature, generally with a wide plastic sliding surface and coping on either side. The name comes from the fact that the supports for this sliding feature are an enclosed box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SKiing with the skis in a convergent position with sufficient edge engagement to slow or stop the skier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The arch that is formed when a ski or snowboard is placed on a flat surface, with the middle of the ski or board higher than the tip and tail. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A way to organize information about child development into 3 main categories:
(C) Cognitive
(A) Affective
(P) Physical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Turns made with a minimum of lateral slipping or skidding in which the tail and tip of the skis or snowboard travel through the same line in the snow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Essentially the center of mass (CM). The point at which the entire mass of the body may be considered to be concentrated. If the body is viewed as being made up of many small elements of mass, the average locations of these elemental masses is the center of mass. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The point at which the entire mass of the body may be considered to be concentrated; the average location of mass within the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A position is which the skier or rider is in balance on the skis or snowboard without excessive lean to either side or fore and aft. There is no exact centering point. Speed, terrain, equipment, snow conditions, turn radius, hill steepness, and other factors influence the skier or rider's centered position. |
|
|
Term
| checking for understanding |
|
Definition
| The process of determining whether students understand a task, exercise, or concept that has been presented to them. Methods to implement this important part of the Teaching Model include direct questioning, assessing performance, and observing whether the student can apply the material to a new situation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A turn in which the skis skid on corresponding edges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The snowsports instructor's interaction with the class. Aspects of class handling are based on the instructor's demeanor, how the instructor paces the lesson and organizes and present material, and how the instructor motivates the students |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ways in which the instructor delivers a lesson and moves a class from one location to another on the hill. Safety awareness, lesson content, snow conditions, and student characteristics are all factors that contribute to the way a class is organized. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A question that elicits a limited response. "Are your ski edges sharp?" is a closed question. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The learning domain related to thinking, analyzing, and speaking. |
|
|
Term
| concrete operations stage |
|
Definition
| The developmental stage that is characterized by the ability to differentiate appearance from reality. This generally occurs between the ages of 7 to 11. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The harmonious functioning of muscles to execute movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simultaneous movement of the opposite hand and foot in activities such as walking or walking on skis. The left hand moves forward while the right foot moves forward and vice versa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Words or phrases used to help a child's performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Providing a service or product in a manner that places great value on customer satisfaction. Customer service touches all aspects of ski area operations. The snowsports instructor is a conduit to customers' overall enjoyment of their mountain experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Performing a skiing or snowboarding task or exercise while highlighting particular movements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cross-country skiing technique for negotiating flat terrain and hills, utilizing skis either waxed for grip or patterned bases. Diagonal stride incorporates a cross-lateral movement pattern (simultaneous movement of the opposite arm and leg). Striding is distinguished from waling by a dynamic weight transfer that generates forward momentum and glide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A maneuver in which the skis are positioned in a distinct "V" shaped position while skiing uphill with poles. Also known as the herringbone skate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Understanding the concept of another person's right and left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The snowboarder's preferred stance, i.e. the foot he or she puts forward on the snowboard. Regular stance is when the left foot is in front, goofy stance is when the right foot is in front. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People who learn best by experiencing something (trial and error) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A common nordic maneuver in which the arms are the sole source of propulsion. Both arms are simultaneously brought forward to begin poling, with a distinct forward lean of the upper body over the poles. |
|
|
Term
| double poling with a kick |
|
Definition
| Similar to double poling, except the single kick is used to help propel the skier. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. A task or exercise used to enforce a desired performance or retain knowledge
2. To repeat or practice a drill or exercise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Turns with more carving than skidding, in which the ski is used as a tool and its energy from decambering flows from one turn to the next. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A style of riding in which a rider's CM and the snowboard travel on different paths, resulting in constant change in the distance between the rider's CM and the board center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The metal strip at the side of the base of the ski or snowboard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount the ski or snowboard is tipped or tilter onto its edge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movements that increase or decrease edge angles. ONe of the four basic skills of skiing, edging movements include angulation and inclination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The expenditure of only that amount of energy required to accomplish a given task. Efficiency is the ration of the skier or rider's input energy to the desired output movement. High efficiency implies achieving the desired movement with the minimus input of energy under a given set of conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The second stage of coordination development, in which spacial awareness is gained and movement around objects becomes more refined. Occurs from roughly ages 3 to 8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement patterns that are broker down into component parts and isolated for skill development. Instructors often combine exercises into progressions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The point at which a skier or rider can get out of a halfpipe, off a feature, or leave one type of terrain, e.g. leaving a bump run to return to a groomed run. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Learning through experience. Instructors create situations in which students perform tasks to learn firsthand how to apply the knowledge presented during the lesson. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The personality role focused on gathering resources and information about a situation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any movement that increases the angle at a joint. At times the skier or snowboarder extends the knee, hip, and ankle joints simultaneously. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscles that enable extension at a joint. For example, the hip muscles act to extend the thigh away from the abdomen, and the trunk muscles cause the spine to arch backward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An exercise in which the skier or rider alternately sideslips forward and backward on the same edge to move down the hill. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The imaginary line, though any single point on the slope, that follows the steepest descent. The fall line is the path on which a ball would roll if it were released down the slope. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any manmade terrain in a terrain park such as rails, boxes, jumps, rollers, spines, halfpipes, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Information students receive about their performance that helps clarify what action they need to take to achieve a desired result. Students obtain feedback from their instructor (extrinsic feedback) or from their own observations and experience (intrinsic feedback). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People who learn best by experiencing situations. Feelers depend on kinesthetic or proprioceptive input to make connections between what they are doing and what they understand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. An area that is smooth and level.
2. Describes the edge angle of the skis or snowboard when they are not on edge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any movement that decreases the angle at a joint. Often, this entails bending the knee, hip, and ankle joints simultaneously. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The hip muscles, which act to draw the thigh toward the abdomen, and the trunk muscles, which bend the spine forward into a rounded position. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stage of cognitive development that marks the beginning of adult thinking, generally occurring around age 11 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount which a ski or snowboard boot or snowboard binding's highback is angled forward to control the maximum extension of the ankle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In snowboarding, the foot that is not secured in a binding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of exploring the entire mountain to enjoy the natural terrain such as steeps, trees, powder, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skiing and snowboarding that emphasizes a full range of movements including spins, jumps, jibs, and tricks. Freestyle skiing and riding is done most commonly in the terrain park, but can be taught and enjoyed all over the mountain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The front of a snowboarder's body, used to describe the direction of the initial spin or turn in which the snowboarder faces the direction of travel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In snowboarding, the foot closer to the nose of the snowboard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The aspects of snowboarding that describe how riders move on their snowboards; include flexion/extension and rotation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Performing the beginning and end of a series of turns, omitting the middle of the turn. This linked series take the skier or snowboarder across the slope without crossing the fall line. Snowboard garlands are performed using only one edge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the skis are moving in a convergent position yet with little friction between the edge and the snow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The desired outcomes, which the instructor and students agree upon. Students may achieve outcomes in a variety of ways because of differences in learning preferences, ability levels, and other characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In snowboarding, the directional stance in which the right foot is in front. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An approach to teaching in which the emphasis is on encouraging students to learn through their own explorations and to solve problems on their own. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to grabbing some part of the ski or snowboard, generally while the skier or rider is airborne. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A terrain park feature made of snow, which resembles a large pipe with the top half removed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The edge of the snowboard nearest the rider's heels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The edge of the snowboard under the rider's heels. A heelside turn refers to turn direction when the rider sets the edge on the heel-side of the snowboard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A diverging ski position useful for climbing hills. The skier faces up the hill and steps upward on alternating feet while edging to avoid slipping back. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of a snowboard binding that extends upward to support the back of the lower leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A maneuver in which the skier quickly turns the skis sideways to the direction of travel and sets the edges, causing the skis to skid rapidly to a stop. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A skiing or snowboarding maneuver in which the skier or rider connects short, angular-shaped turns with a hop. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of creating mental pictures of skill performance. Instructors use this technique to have students imagine themselves skiing or snowboarding well and accomplishing specific outcomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The earliest stage of coordination development; movement are generally crude and lack rhythm. Occurs up to about age 3. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The steps snowsports instructors take to determine the activities to present in a lesson and the best way to communicate them. Instructors adapt this behavior to student needs, based on information they gather from assessing the students. Instructor behavior is an important element of the PSIA-AASI Teaching Model. These steps consist of the following:
1. introduce the learning segment
2. asses the students
3. determine goals and plan objectives
4. present and share information
5. guide practice
6. check for understanding
7 summarize the learning segment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Magnitude; amount of effort. Used to describe skier/snowboarder movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The start of the lesson; includes rapport, assessment, goals, and action plan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Describes skiers or snowboarders jumping on or off different bumps, stumps, rails, boxes, etc.
2. Any feature that a skier or rider can jump off or onto. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A personality role in which an individual measures the worth of ideas or solutions and selects one for action. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Learning through feelings and sensations. (also known as proprioceptive learning) Kinesthetic refers to forces that act outside the body to create a sensation, such as the boot pressing upon the leg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The area of a jump or terrain feature where the skier or rider lands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Situated at, proceeding from, or directed toward the side. An upright person who leans to one side moves laterally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Knowing one's own right and left. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A teaching technique in which the instructor has students focus on a broad range of activities within a skiing ability level so they can experience in-depth learning before progressing to the next level. The instructor helps students isolate and develop skills, integrate them fully, and then apply them to various situations before moving to the next level. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rapport the instructor forms with the student. Essential to the success of this relationship is the instructor's understanding of the student's needs and expectations and the student's willingness to actively participate in learning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person's dominant or preferred mode of learning or processing information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A retention strap that keeps the snowboard attached to the rider and prevents it from slippin away. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The instructor's process of establishing the lesson structure, based on the student goals that the instructor and student have together identified. As defined in the Teaching Model, the lesson duration, snow conditions, student goals and expectations, and numerous other factors contribute to an effective lesson plan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Traveling movements such as walking, skipping or jumping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What a skier or rider does in the air between takeoff and landing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movements that entail the use of objects, such as throwing a ball. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A maneuver that combines double poling while skating with a single ski. The other ski is kept in a set track or travels in a direct line down the skating platform. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The final stage of coordination development, when movement becomes relatively well coordinated, mechanically correct, and efficient. Occurs at approximately 8 to 11 years of age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An analogy in which concepts are related to a familiar device or system to facilitate understanding. The AASI Y model, for example, provides descriptions, or models, or skilled, efficient riding that instructors use as a performance comparison. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movements learned by practice or experience that lead to a relatively permanent gain in performance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of assessing a student's skiing or riding ability - the movement patterns and skill blending - and identifying the correlating cause-and-effect relationships between the student's movements and the outcomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The aspects of snowboarding that describe how a rider moves on the snowboard; flexion/extension, rotation, and circumduction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A system for indentifying eight comprehensive categories of human capabilities. The multiple intelligences are :
- linguistic
-logical-mathematical
-spatial
-bodily-kinesthetic
-musical
-interpersonal
-intrapersonal
-naturalist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Posture in which the alignment of the body is centered. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To load the nose of the snowboard, then pop off the ground using the loaded energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The front, or tip, of a snowboard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movements that originate from a base of support, such a bending or twisting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Downhill skiing on nordic equipment. The skier may make alpine ski turns as well as telemark turns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nordic skiing on prepared (groomed) tracks. The skier may use classic technique (traditional diagonal stride) or skate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From a traverse, rocking a snowboard up until only its nose contacts the snow, then twisting to land the board on its other edge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The particular focus a person chooses to reach an overall goal. Objectives pinpoint the atual skills that need to be developed for a goal to be realized. For example, a skier must develop progressive edging skills to reach the goal of making rounded turns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A maneuver in which the snowboarder move pressure from the nose to the tail of the board and uses the loaded energy to pop off the snow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A question that may elicit a broad range of responses. "How did you feel about your balance in that turn?" is an open question. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sides of the body moving is different directions (such as right arm and left leg swinging forward at the same time) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The performance capability achieved by the end of a teaching-learning segment. The instructor and student create a goal for each lesson, possibly with intermediate objectives, and use a series of activities that move the student toward the goal. The actual lesson outcome may or may not be the original goal and may be different for each student. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The orchestration of activities that make up a ski lesson - the intensity of the practice period, its duration, and the frequency of repeating practice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A turn make on corresponding ski edges. It may be more or less carved, depending on the skier's intention and skill. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referent to the sequence by which the brain receives and processes information, and then develops a response. Motor skills are development through this system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The aspects of snowboarding that describe how a snowboard moves; including tilt, pivot, twist, and pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The learning domain related to movement development. Also know as the psychomotor domain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rotating the skis or snowboard about an axis perpendicular to the base(s). Pivoting is typically a quick movement performed on a flat ski or board. Also describes the action resulting from the application of rotational forces to the skis or snowboard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pole movements, including pushing, swinging, touching, or planting. In each of these movements, timing, placement, and technique dictate the outcome of the pole use. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To extend the legs to help create lift off the ground (i.e. an ollie) or "center pop" in which the entire length of the skis or snowboard leaves the ground. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fresh snow that is light, dry and fluffy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repetition of movement patterns or other activities designed to develop or refine a skill. Student focus and instructor guidance and feedback are important parts of effective practice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An early developmental stage in which a child begins to use language and to increasingly interact with the world: verbally, mentally, and physically. Occurs at about age 2 to 3 through age 7. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A snowboard maneuver in which the rider shifts the CM to balance over the nose of tail of the board, then hold the slide for some duration |
|
|
Term
| pressure-control movements |
|
Definition
| Movements that create, maintain, reduce, or redirect the pressure of the skis on the snow. Pressure control is one of the four fundamental skiing skills and one of the snowboard performance concepts. It is achieved by skiers and riders though flexion and extension; skiers also use a transfer of pressure from ski to ski in combination with edge-control movements. Skier or snowboard movements, equipment characteristics, turn shape, terrain, and snow conditions determine the pressure along the skis or snowboard at any instant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sequence of acts, movements, or events oriented toward meeting an educational objective or goal. Progressions are connected from the least complicated to the most difficult. For example, an edging skill development progression might include sidestepping up a hill, then sideslipping, followed by sideslipping to an edge set. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sense of the position and movements of the body and body parts. Movement skill development requires the performer to perceive and use proprioceptive information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National teams of the Professional Ski Instructors of America and the American Association of Snowboard Instructors whose purpose is to help develop and promote PSIA-AASA's teaching systems, education strategies, and instructor resources. They also lead clinics for fellow instructors in the United States and abroad. Member instructors are selected for the teams based on performance and teaching ability. The teams are alpine, nordic, Snowboard and Adaptive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A terrain park feature with a narrow metal or plastic sliding surface. Rails differ from boxes in that they do not have enclosed sides and typically have a narrower sliding surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The foot nearest to the tail of the snowboard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In snowboarding, the directional stance in which the left foot is in front. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of rewarding students for appropriate performance. Recognizing and praising students for reaching their achievements provides even more motivation to them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulling the legs up under the body by contracting the muscles of the abdomen and hips. This movement can be used to absorb pressure increase due to terrain changes or turn dynamics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to reverse directions or thought processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AASI's representation of modern snowboarding for identifying and describing the technical aspects of movement and snowboard performance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AASI's representation of modern snowboarding for identifying riding style and performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using appropriate methods and procedures to reduce risk to customers, guests, and employees at a ski area. Instructors, hill employees, management personnel, and volunteers work together to implement area risk management policies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Movements that increase, limit, or decrease the rotation of the skis or snowboard. One of the four basic skills in the PSIA skills concept, rotary movements can be grouped into 4 primary categories:
1. rotation a) rotation directly applied to the ski such as with the leg, and b) rotary momentum transferred to the ski from slowing or stopping torso rotation that was previously established in the turn direction.
2. counter-rotation, twisting the legs and torso in opposite directions
3. anticipation release, realignment of the torso and legs from the anticipation position;
4. rotary push-off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rotational motion of a body about an axis (including the movement of the body's limbs about their axes). Slowing or stopping body rotation initiated in the direction of the intended turn results in a turned effort that is transferred to the skis. The skier or rider commonly uses the shoulders and hips, either separately or together, to develop the turning effort. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscles that serve to rotate a part of the body. The hip rotators help maintain good alignment while skiing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Freedom from the occurrence of risk or injury, danger, or loss. The effectiveness and quality of a lesson depends on safety awareness, since students will not be receptive to learning if they do not feel safe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Being possessed of self-acceptance, self-respect, and self-worth; feeling confident in one's abilities; and viewing tasks and learning as an adventure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beliefs and attitudes toward oneself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One's judgement of his or her own self-worth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One's concept of who he or she is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An early developmental stage in which children learn and operate in the world largely through their senses. Occurs from infancy until about age 2. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The characteristic of skis or snowboards, when lying flat on the snow and viewed from above, to display greater width at the tops and tails then at the middle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of moving down the hill with the skis or snowboard perpendicular (or across) the fall line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of moving up the hill. With skis across the fall line, the skier steps up sideways, one ski at a time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of propulsion skiers and snowboarders use to move across flat terrain. An alpine skier pushes from foot to foot while maintaining the skis in a diverging position. The inside edges of the skis are sequentially engages as the skiers moves forward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The result of the skis or snowboard moving forward and sideways simultaneously. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any turn in which the edge slips laterally resulting in a turn that is not carved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The capability to bring about a result with maximum certainty, minimum energy, or minimum time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Combining basic skills to create an overall performance. Expert skiers and riders integrate skills depending on the situation or maneuver. Instructors can evaluate students on their ability to blend and apply skills in a variety of situations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PSIA's basis for discussing skiing movements and skillful skiing. The skills concept provides ski instructors with a base from which to evaluate, prioritize, and develop student performance. The skills concept theorizes that all skiing movements can be categorized into 4 major headings: balance, edge control movements, rotary movements, and pressure control movements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A thin pole with a hand grip on one end and a tip with a basket on the other end. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of the skis or snowboard in the direction of the longitudinal axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of the skis or snowboard sideways. Slipping can occur with the skis or snowboard perpendicular to the line of travel (sideslipping) or in other orientations, such as in a turn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A safety initiative set forth by the National Ski Areas Association and Burton Snowboards. This cooperative effort delivers a clear, concise, and effective message about the proper use of terrain parks. |
|
|
Term
| Snowboard Teaching System (STS) |
|
Definition
| The AASI model of snowboard education; includes riding concepts, teaching concepts, service concepts, and the learning pathway. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Approximate classifications of snow:
Powder - light, dry and fluffy
Packed Powder - pressed together or groomed
Corn - pellet sized particles that have formed from repetitive thawing, refreezing and re crystalizing of snow
Crud - settling snow that's cut up by skiers and snowboarders
Wind crust - snow with a wind compacted top layer
Cement - uncompact, heavy snow with a high moisture content
Ice - snow that has become very dense and hard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rotating about the vertical axis. Spins can occur in various combinations (180 degrees, 360, 540, etc) and may be on the ground or in the air. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. The process of separation a group of students into homgeneous classes. The instructor may group students according to their desired outcomes (e.g. bump skiing vs. groomed skiing), skill level, preferred learning style (watcher, thinker, doer, feeler), or any combination of these variables.
2. In snowboarding, the angles of the fond and rear foot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How a skier or snowboarder stands on skis. One of the most basic indicators of performance at all levels of skiing and riding, stance affects the application and blending of skills. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Snowboard bindings are set directionally to allow the rider to stand in the most functional way on the board. Board width and foot size are among the determinants of this setting. The binding setting , measured in degrees, determined stance angle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of guiding the skis or snowboard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A turn in which the skier maintains the downhill ski as a platform and step the uphill ski into a converging, diverging, or parallel position. This is a quick, dynamic way to initiate a turn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A PSIA model used to show alpine and nordic skills progressions, the stepping stones show different paths to a progression depending on the student, terrain, and conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A friction pad located on the snowboard between the bindings. It provides traction for the rear foot when its free and is useful for cleaning snow off boot bottoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skiing or snowboarding directly down the fall line. Skiers will have their skis in a parallel relationship. |
|
|
Term
| student-centered teaching |
|
Definition
| Teaching that is determined by the student's needs, desires, expectations, preferred learning styles, and reactions to the learning process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An element of the PSIA-AASI Teaching Model. The student profile is the unique combination of individual characteristics that each student possesses, including his or her physical attributes and background (sports experience), learning preferences, motivations and desire, and emotional state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Riding or skiing backwards. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group skiing or snowboarding in which skiers and riders maintain formations that are orchestrated with precise timing, rhythm, turn shape, and technique. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The methods used to gain a desired objective. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The back of the ski or snowboard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An assigned activity designed to help meet learning objectives; for example, skiing toward a target while maintaining a 20-foot-wide corridor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A step-by-step guide to create valid lesson content (what to teach) and presenting information in a style that is tailored to student needs (how to teach). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drawing upon a student's previous learning to help with present learning, that is, pointing out similarities between familiar movements and new movements. For example, students first learn to create better edge grip for sidestepping by rolling their ankles into the hill. Later, students can transfer the movement of rolling the ankles to turning with more edge control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The oldest method for turning skis. The feet are separated longitudinally, with the rear foot bend toward the ski and the rear heel lifted off the ski. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An area groomed specifically to form various terrain features to be used for freestyle skiing and riding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cord or rope with handles or grips on each end, with the student holding one end and the instructor holding the other. This allows the instructor to assist with skill development. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Students who learn using cognitive abilities. Thinkers prefer to interpret action and movement verbally, and they generally enjoy descriptions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To place a snowboard on its edge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. The front of the ski or snowboard
2. For skiers, the act of tilting the skis on edge or of leaning the body to the side.
3. a nice end to any lesson |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A general term referring to an attachment hat hold ski tips together, for children who need physical assistance in learning to perform a wedge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The edge of the snowboard nearest the riders toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The edge of the snowboard under the rider's toes. A toeside turn refers to the turn direction when the rider sets the edge on the toe side of the snowboard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The gain (positive transfer) or loss (negative transfer) in proficiency of one task as a result of practice or experience of another task. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The end of one turn and the start of the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skiing or snowboarding across the slope without crossing the fall line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The center or shaped portion of the turn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Children between the ages of 11 and 13. Another way to refer to a pre-teen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To reduce pressure on part or all of the snowboard or skis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A skating maneuver that combines a double pole on one side with skating. The poles are positioned asymmetrically, and the pole push coincides with weight transfer to the ski. This is the most common skating maneuver for flats and hills. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any maneuver that combines double poling on one side with skating. Unlike V-1, the V-2 positions the poles symmetrically, as in double poling, and the pole push begins after weight is transferred to the ski. This is a high speed maneuver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of forming mental pictures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Students to learn best by watching. They prefer demonstrations rather then verbal descriptions or diagrams. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A portion of the lesson devoted to preparing for activity. This lesson segment often refers to warming up muscles through light movement and stretching, but instructors also can help students warm up their minds and prepare them to learn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The personality role that enables an individual to put ideas into action. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for visual learners. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A turn that begins with opposing edges (in a wedge) and finishes with a skidding phase, resulting in corresponding edges (in a parallel orientation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A turn with skis in a converging (wedge) position, with the skier maintaining opposing edges throughout the turn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cooling effect of wind; the coldness felt on exposed ski due to a combination of temperature and wind velocity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A code that sets forth the responsibility of each participant for safe conduct on the slopes and lifts. The code comprises seven points and is a partial list of safe conduct with the message to always be safety conscious.
1. Always stay in control.
2. People ahead of you have the right of way.
3. Stop in a safe place for you and others.
4. Whenever starting downhill or merging, look uphill and yield
5. Use devices to help prevent runaway equipment.
6. Observe signs and warnings, and keep off closed trails.
7. Know how to use the lifts safely. |
|
|
