Term
Bones
-Cartilage
-Joints
-Ligaments |
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Definition
| skeletal system composed of (3) |
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| Hard framework that supports and anchors the soft organs of the body. |
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| Surrounds organs such as the brain and spinal cord. |
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| Allows for muscle attachment therefore the bones are used as levers. |
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| Minerals and lipids are stored within bone material. |
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| The bone marrow is responsible for blood cell production. |
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support
protection
movement
storage
blood cell formation |
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Definition
| functions of skeletal system (5) |
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Compact bone
Porous (Spongy) bone
Cartilage |
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Definition
| structures of skeletal system (3) |
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| Outer layer of bone, very hard and dense. |
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| compact bones are organized in structural units called _______ systems. |
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| ____________is composed of Ca salts (Ca carbonate and Ca phosphate) |
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| Ca salts (Ca carbonate and Ca phosphate) |
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Definition
| Matrix is composed of ________ |
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Definition
| living bone cells that live in matrix. |
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Definition
Located in the ends of long bones.
Many spaces that are filled with red bone marrow which produces bone cells. |
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| needle-like threads of spongy bone that surround the spaces. Add strength to this portion of the bone. |
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| Matrix is a firm gel with chondrocytes suspended in the matrix. |
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Definition
| cartilage is a firm gel with _______ suspended in the matrix. |
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Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone |
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Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone |
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Thin and flattened
Usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone |
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Irregular shape
Do not fit into other bone classification categories |
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| examples of irregular bones |
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Term
Osteon (Haversian System)
Central (Haversian) canal
Perforating (Volkman’s) canal
lacunae
lamellae
canaliculi |
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Definition
| microscopic anatomy of bone |
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Definition
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| Central (Haversian) canal |
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Definition
Opening in the center of an osteon
Carries blood vessels and nerves |
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| Perforating (Volkman’s) canal |
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Definition
Canal perpendicular to the central canal
Carries blood vessels and nerves |
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Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)
Arranged in concentric rings |
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Rings around the central canal
Sites of lacunae |
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Tiny canals
Radiate from the central canal to lacunae
Form a transport system |
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Definition
| In _____, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage |
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Definition
| the skeleton is primarily _____ cartilage |
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Definition
| During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by ___ |
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Bridge of the nose
Parts of ribs
Joints |
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Definition
| Cartilage remains in isolated areas(3) |
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| allow for growth of long bone during childhood |
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| Bones grow in width through ________ |
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| Bones change shape by_____ |
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| Closed fracture (simple): |
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Definition
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Definition
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| 6-8 weeks (longer in elderly people) |
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Definition
| Healing time for simple fracture is ______ |
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Term
1-hematoma formation
2-fibrocartilage callus formation
3-bony callus formation
4-bone remodelling |
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Definition
| FOUR major events of fractures |
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Term
Auditory ossicles
Hyoid bones |
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Definition
| Skull and associated bones of axial division |
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Skull and associated
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage |
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Definition
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-Pectoral girdle
-Pelvic girdle |
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| Immovable joints that join skull bones together |
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Definition
| sutures between parietal and frontal |
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| sutures between parietal bones |
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| suture between the parietal and occipital |
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| suture between the parietal and temporal |
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Definition
| usually ossify by 2 years of age |
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Definition
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frontal,
occipital,
2 temporals,
2 parietals,
sphenoid
ethmoid |
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Definition
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2 nasals,
2 maxillae,
2 zygomatics,
mandible,
2 lacrimals,
2 palatines,
2 inferior nasal conchae,
vomer |
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Definition
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Term
| mandible and auditory ossicles |
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Definition
| _______ are the only movable skull bones |
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| the nasal cavity, the orbits, paranasal sinuses |
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Definition
skull forms a larger cranial cavity
-also forms __________ |
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Definition
| cranial bones also: attach to membranes called _____ |
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(26)
24 individual vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx |
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Definition
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Seven cervical vertebrae
Twelve thoracic vertebrae
Five lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum and coccyx are
Fused together. |
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Definition
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2 transverse
1 spinous
4 articular |
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Definition
| Seven processes of typical vertebrae |
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Definition
| other name Typical Cervical Vert. |
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Smaller bodies
Larger spinal canal
1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae are unique
atlas & axis |
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Definition
| 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae |
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| other name Thoracic Vertebrae |
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Definition
All articulate with ribs
Have heart-shaped bodies
Each side of the body bears demifacets for articulation with ribs |
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| (thoracic vertebrae)Each side of the body bears ______ for articulation with ribs |
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Definition
| Allows rotation and prevents flexion and extension |
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Bodies are thick and strong
Allows flexion and extension – rotation prevented |
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Forms the posterior wall of pelvis
Formed from 5 fused vertebrae
Superior surface articulates with L5
Inferiorly articulates with coccyx |
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Definition
Is the “tailbone”
Formed from 3 – 5 fused vertebrae
Offers only slight support to pelvic organs |
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Definition
| Forms the framework of the chest |
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Thoracic vertebrae – posteriorly
Ribs – laterally
Sternum and costal cartilage – anteriorly |
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Definition
| Components of the bony thorax |
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Definition
superior part of sternum
Articulates with medial end of clavicles |
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bulk of sternum
Sides are articulate for costal cartilage of ribs 2–7 |
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inferior end of sternum
Ossifies around age 40 |
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superior seven pairs of ribs
Attach to sternum by costal cartilage |
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| inferior five pairs of ribs ,attach indirectly to the sternum |
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Definition
| ribs 11–12 are short and free anteriorly. |
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Definition
| an abnormal lateral curvature |
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Definition
| an exaggerated thoracic curvature |
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Definition
| an inward lumbar curvature – “swayback” |
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Definition
| A narrowing of the vertebral canal |
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Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis |
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Definition
| Abnormal spinal curvatures |
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Term
| The Appendicular Skeleton |
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Definition
| Allows us to move and manipulate objects |
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the limbs (upper & lower limbs)
the supportive girdles (pectoral &pelvic girdles) |
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Definition
| appendicular skeleton includes |
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Definition
Also called the shoulder girdle
Connects the arms to the body
Positions the shoulders
Provides a base for arm movement |
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Term
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Definition
| pectoral girdle Consists of: |
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Term
| manubrium(claviculosternal joint) |
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Definition
| pectoral girdle Connects with the axial skeleton only at the _____ |
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Definition
Also called collarbones
Long, S-shaped bones
Originate at the manubrium (sternal end)
Articulate with the scapulae (acromial end) |
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Term
| manubrium (sternal end),the scapulae (acromial end) |
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Definition
clavicle Originate at the _____
Articulate with _____ |
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Term
| the scapulae (acromial end) |
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Definition
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Also called the arm
The long, upper armbone
Articulates with the pectoral girdle |
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Definition
Also called the antebrachium
Consists of 2 long bones:
ulna (medial)
radius (lateral) |
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ulna (medial)
radius (lateral) |
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Definition
| forearm (antebrachium) consists of 2 long bones: |
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| (proximal, middle, distal) |
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| Stabilized by ligaments of pelvic girdle, sacrum, and lumbar vertebrae |
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| 2 ossa coxae, the sacrum, and the coccyx |
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Definition
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Definition
Also called hipbones
Strong to bear body weight &stress of movement
Each is made up of 3 fused bones:
ilium (articulates with sacrum)
ischium
pubis |
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Term
ilium (articulates with sacrum)
ischium
pubis |
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Definition
| ossa coxae is made up of 3 fused bones: |
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Definition
Also called the hip socket
Is the meeting point of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
Articulates with head of the femur |
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smoother
lighter
less prominent muscle and ligament attachments |
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Definition
female vs male
Female pelvis: |
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Definition
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Femur
Patella
Tibia and fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges |
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Definition
(thigh)
kneecap)
(leg)
(ankle)
(foot)
(toes) |
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Definition
Formed within tendon of quadriceps femoris
Also called the kneecap |
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Definition
Also called the shinbone
Supports body weight
Larger than fibula
Medial to fibula |
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Definition
Attaches muscles of feet and toes
Smaller than tibia
Lateral to tibia |
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Heel bone
transfers weight to ground
attaches Achilles tendon |
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Definition
Also called the tarsus:
consists of 7 tarsal bones |
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Definition
5 long bones of foot
Numbered I–V, medial to lateral
Articulate with toes |
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Holds bones together
Allows bones to move
All bones articulate with at least one other bone except the hyoid. |
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Definition
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| big toe, 2 phalanges (distal, proximal) |
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| 3 phalanges (distal, medial, proximal) |
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| classifications of joints |
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| functional classification: |
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Definition
| focuses on the amount of movement of joints |
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| structural classification: |
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Definition
| based on whether Fibrous, Cartilage or a joint cavity separates the bony regions at the joint. |
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Definition
| _____ joints are immovable and _____ joints are freely movable . |
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Term
| synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis |
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Definition
| types of functional classification joint |
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Definition
No movements
Primarily axial skeleton
Bones connected with fibrous tissue ligament |
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| : Skull sutures and distal Tibia/Fibula |
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Definition
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Slightly movable
Axial skeleton
Connected by cartilage |
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| Intervertebral joints, pubic symphysis |
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Definition
| example of Amphiarthroses |
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Definition
freely movable
Also called synovial (fluid filled joint cavity)
Primarily found in the limbs
Plane of movement depends on the joint |
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Term
Dislocation
Sprain
Arthritis |
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Definition
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Definition
| Bone is forced out of its position, Reduction is done by experts only |
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Definition
| excessive stretch on a ligament |
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| Rheumatoid ,Osteoarthritis and Gouty arthritis |
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