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Skeletal System- (cartilage)
Morrow 2/9/11 lecture
42
Histology
Undergraduate 4
02/09/2011

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Cards

Term
support of body/organs, and locomotion (anchor for muscles)
Definition
primary function of the skeletal system
Term
protection, mineral storage, hemopoiesis(marrow)
Definition
secondary function of skeletal system
Term
semi-rigid
Definition
bone is rigid, cartilage is ___
Term
mesenchymal cells
Definition
what are bone and cartilage derived from?
Term
properties of the ground substance and extracellular fibers
Definition
strength of bone and cartilage depends on what
Term
exo
pros: anchors muscle effectively, rigid, armor-like, makes you "stronger" due to better biomechanics(can live 10x body weight)
cons: growth is difficult so they have to shed and are vulnerable to predation

endo: pros? cons: always soft and squishy on the outside and vulnerable to predation
Definition
advantages/disadvantages of exoskeletons and endoskeletons
Term
stellate mesenchymal cells -> chondroblasts
Definition
in cartilage formation, _________ cells differentiate into rounded _______
Term
chondroblasts
Definition
in cartilage, these grow and synthesize ground substance and fibrous extra cellular matrix, trapping themselves in lacunae
Term
chondrocytes
Definition
after trapped in the lacunae the chondroblasts divide via mitosis and make clusters of ______ separated by ECM
Term
perichondrium
Definition
surrounds cartilage like seran wrap
Term
fibroblasts, collagen, immature chondroblasts
Definition
the perichondrium is a peripheral zone of dense CT containing what (3) things
Term
interstitial growth
Definition
new cartilage forms within mass of cartilage
Term
yes
Definition
in interstitial growth do chondrocytes retain the ability to divide?
Term
appositional growth
Definition
new cartilage forms at the surface of pre-existing cartilage
Term
appositional growth
Definition
which is the more common mechanism of cartilage growth?
Term
inner perichondrium
Definition
in appositional growth, new chondrocytes are derived from the mesenchymal cells of _____ which differentiate first into chondroblasts
Term
in the center of the cartilage mass, new ones grow on edges
Definition
where are more mature chondrocytes located in appositional growth?
Term
no, its avascular, most of it lacks blood vessels
Definition
does cartilage have a blood supply?
Term
diffusion through the ground substance
Definition
how does exchange of meatbolites occur in cartilage
Term
blood vessels in secondary cartilage canals
Definition
thick cartilage contains _______ in secondary cartilage canals
Term
lack of blood vessels
Definition
cartilage thickness is limited by this
Term
amorphous ground substance containing collagen (and proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and elastic fibers)
Definition
what is in the extracellular matrix of cartilage
Term
60-80% of the matrix is hydrated, it is bound to proteoglycans
Definition
how much water is in cartilage and where is it found?
Term
the turgor pressure of the water
Definition
what helps with flexibility and compressibility of cartilage
Term
hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin sulfate
Definition
list the proteoglycans found in cartilage
Term
no
Definition
is hyaluronic acid sulfated?
Term
chondronectin
Definition
the most common glycoprotein in cartilage
Term
the amount of elastic fibers embedded in the matrix
Definition
what distinguishes the different types of cartilage?
Term
sharks and rays don't get tumors, and chondronectin has antitumor properties

-also cartilage has no blood supply making it hard for tumors to grow
Definition
why is chondronectin important in cartilage research?
Term
articular surfaces, growth plates, nasal septum, costal cartilage(ribs), and trachial and bronchial rings
Definition
where is hyaline cartilage found
Term
hyaline cartilage
Definition
what type of cartilage is a bone precursor in most of the skeleton
Term
hyaline cartilage
Definition
characterized by small aggregates of chondrocytes in amorphous matrix of ground substance re-enforced with type 2 collagen fibers
Term
hyaline cartilage
Definition
characterized by small aggregates of chondrocytes in amorphous matrix of ground substance re-enforced with type 2 collagen fibers
Term
fibrocartilage
Definition
consists of alternating layers of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue
Term
fibrocartilage
Definition
this type of cartilage lacks perichondrium, is found in intervertebral discs and some articular areas
Term
type 1 and 2
Definition
what type of collagen is in fibrocartilage
Term
knee, mandible, shoulder, sternum-ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, pubic symphysis
Definition
where is fibrocartilage found?
Term
elastic cartilage
Definition
similar to hyaline cartilage but has a LOT more elastic fibers
Term
external ear, auditory and Eustacian canals, eppiglotis, and larynx
Definition
where is elastic cartilage found
Term
dense connective tissue(fibrosis)
Definition
what results(irreversibly) when cartilage repairs itself
Term
death of chondrocytes and formation of bone to replace it
Definition
when cartilage is repaired it becomes invaded with blood vessels, what does this result in?
Term
it calcifies via depostition of calcium phosphate crystals which is eventually replaced by bone
Definition
what happens to hyaline cartilage with age?
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