Term
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Definition
| Transfers force from the muscle to the bone |
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Term
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Definition
Pull on bone to allow movement, they cannot push
Maintain posture
Stabilize joints
Pressure alteration
Generate heat |
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Term
| Factors the influence maximum force generation |
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Definition
Physiological cross-sectional area
Length of muscle
Velocity of shortening
Other factors
-Prestretch: series elastic component
-Stimulus duration (stimulation frequency)
-Fatigue
-Fiber type
-Effectiveness of torque produced |
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Term
| Know the types of muscle contraction |
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Definition
Isometric- muscle remains the same length despite building tension
Isotonic- tension on muscle remains the same throughout the range of motion
Isokinetic- speed of the muscle motion remains the same despite changes in force amounts |
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Term
| Understand the influence of pennation angle of strength |
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Definition
The degree of pennation directly affects the number of sarcomeres per cross-sectional muscle area
-Pennation results in loss of force
Pennation allows more sarcomeres to be packed into a given area |
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Term
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Definition
Slow-twitch
-Slow twitch motor units selectively recruited during aerobic activity
-Prolonged exercise relies almost exclusively on ST fibers
--Limited remaining glycogen after 12 hours of exercise exists in the "unused" fast-twitch fibers
-Creates low amounts of force
-Receives large quantities of blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
Fast-twitch
-Generate force quickly (high power)
-Speed of shortening is 3-5 times faster than ST fibers
-Anaerobic activities; quick forceful muscle actions
-Stop-and-go activities; change of pace sports
-White in color |
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Term
| Length tension relationship |
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Definition
The practical application of the sarcomere length-tension curve:
-there are joint angles at which strength expression is greatest during isometric muscle contractions |
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Term
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Definition
Extension- increasing angle of components of a limb (straightening your leg)
Flexion- Decreasing the angle of components of a limb (think of flexing your bicep)
Adduction- Brings a limb closer to the midline of the body (think of adding to your body)
Abduction- takes a limb away from the midline of the body
Supination- rotation of the forearm so palms face up-out
Pronation- Rotation of the forearm so palms face down-back
Rotation- movement of limb in circular motion |
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Term
| Understand muscular power and at what velocities power is the greatest |
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Definition
How quickly or slowly work is done
Muscle power increases as contraction velocity increases, to a point...
-At slow speeds, power output is low
-At faster speeds, power output is higher
Maximum power output occurs at approximately 1/2 of the maximum shortening velocity
--After this point, power decreases as velocity increases |
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