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SIZE & DISTANCE CONSTANCY
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15
Science
Professional
12/15/2010

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Term
Perceptual Constancy
Definition
Tendency to perceive stimuli as represented in the environment than as represented on the retina.
Term
Size constancy
Definition

Tend to see targets as constant in size despite changes in the visual angle of the target.

Tend to see the environmental stimulus rather than retinal stimulus.

The environmental (distal) stimulus is 3-D, the retinal (proximal) stimulus is 2-D.

Term
Linear Size vs. Angular Size
Definition
Get closer to a target, linear size (size of target in environment) stays constant while the angular size (image of target on retina) increases.
Term
Equivalent Configuration
Definition
set of the distal stimuli that are equivalent in producing a given proximal stimulus.
Term
Absolute distance perception
Definition
how far things are from the observer
Term
Depth Perception
Definition

how far are 2 things in the visual array

(relative distance)

Term
Monocular Cues
Definition

Linear Perspective

Relative Size

Aerial Perspective

Relative Brightness

Shading

Interposition

Term
Dynamic Cues
Definition

Motion parallax

- things that further away travel at slower speed across the retina than things up close.

Term
Kinetic Depth effect
Definition
Can result from motion parallax where perception of 3-D can occur with motion within the 2-D stimulus.
Term
Physiological Cues to Depth
Definition

Accomodation

Convergence

Stereopsis

Term
Binocular Disparity
Definition
due to the 2 eyes being separated in space that see slightly different views of the world. When difference is extreme, we see diplopia or suppress one image. But if difference is small, one perceives depth.
Term
Size Distance Invariance Hypothesis
Definition
Ratio of size and distance is the same for an optical image and the perceived image. (such as with afterimages)
Term
SILO
Definition

Small In, Large Out.

perception of size of an object, as convergence alone changes.

Term
Monocular vs. Binocular Observers
Definition
Monocular observers are at a disadvantage when in situations where an extensive visual field is required, where many monocular cues are not available, or where great speed and accuracy are essential for observation.
Term
Shape Constancy
Definition
tendency to perceive the shape of a rigid object as constant despite differences in viewing angle as well as consequent differences in the shape of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye.
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