Term
| What is the most important criteria for project selection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the calculation for defects per unit? |
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Definition
| DPU = # of defects divided by total # of units |
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Term
| Six Sigma means (what) yield and (what) DPMO? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four components of Measurement Systems Analysis? |
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Definition
| accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility & stability |
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Term
| What is the pneumonic for goal statements? |
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Definition
| SMART; Specific, Measureable, Attainable, Relevant and Timebound |
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Term
| What are three things a good problem statement has? |
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Definition
| names the process or the unit moving thru the process, quantifies the problem (or starts with a placeholder when data is not available), impact, no causes, no blame and no solutions |
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Term
| What makes for a good DMAIC project? |
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Definition
| problem with cause unknown, no solutions known, relates to the business goals - usually cycletime or defect reduction types of opportunities |
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Term
| Would a DMAIC project have a goal statement that starts with "Redesign"? |
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Definition
| no, it would start with reduce, decrease or increase |
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Term
| What is the calculation for capability if all we have is the upper spec limit? |
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Definition
| USL - the average divided by 3 times the std dev |
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Term
| What is first pass yield? |
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Definition
| the amount of units moving thru the process being handled correctly the first and only time |
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Term
| Would first pass yield always be the same or less than final yield? |
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Definition
| yes, first pass yield is often less as anything with a defect would be considered "removed" from the process |
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Term
| What is the best tool to use for root cause analysis? |
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Definition
| Fishbone; Cause & Effect; Ishikawa Diagram - note, you could use just the 5 whys approach |
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Term
| Could a team use a scatter plot in order to test hypotheses at the beginning of a project? |
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Definition
| yes; knowledge or experience may give you ideas of x variable that result in a change in Y (outcomes or outputs) and if you have data and can prove that going into a project it may help with scoping and focus |
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Term
| Should a team ask an executive sponsor to be part of the core team make-up? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of sampling strategy would be best used with process sampling? |
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Definition
| systematic; every nth one |
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Term
| Are control limits and spec limits the same? |
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Definition
| no; control limits come from the process, spec limits come from the customer |
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Term
| What is the operational definition of a standard deviation? |
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Definition
| the measure of variation (change) away from the average of the process |
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Term
| If a process is in control, does that always mean it is capable? |
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Definition
| NO; control is about the voice of the process; capability is based on VOC |
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Term
| If a process is in control, does than mean it is efficient? |
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Definition
| NO many process remain within control boundaries but are very costly to maintain |
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Term
| Should a team change control limits for every time they want to plot the next data point? |
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Definition
| No, only change control limits after you have made a process change and have 30 new points of data |
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Term
| Name three ways to gather VOC data. |
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Definition
| focus groups, surveys, interviews, behavior measures, complaints |
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Term
| Should a team always hire an outside firm to do benchmarking studies. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the role of a process owner is a part time role? |
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Definition
| no; champion is part time, process owner is permanent |
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Term
| At what point in the project should a team identify the process owner? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of items that could be on team groundrules? |
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Definition
| only 2 people speak at once, be on time; no judgement of people's ideas, 3 people are enough to hold the mtgs; be respectful of others, Las Vegas Rules (note: you may have others - as long as they are behaviors for your team to agree to they are probably ok |
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Term
| What is the calculation for capability when the team only has the lower spec limit? |
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Definition
| The average of the process - the LSL divided by 3 times the std dev |
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Term
| Does correlation always mean causation? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a team is counting proportions of defects, is that continuous or discrete data? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of continuous data? |
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Definition
| anything on a scale or contiuum; money, time, speed, distance |
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Term
| If a team has continuous data, name two different types of control charts they may use. |
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Definition
| X-bar & R or I & MR charts |
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Term
| If I needed to determine the best control chart to use, what tool could I reference? |
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Definition
| the decision tree in the Control materials of the GB trng mtls |
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Term
| If a team needs to understand which type of error seems to be the worst, what common charting technique could they use? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a team sees 5 out of 8 data points on one side of the median on a run chart, should they immediately go make changes to the process? |
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Definition
| no, that is referred to as tampering |
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Term
| A team needs to see the distribution of their process so they can understand the range of variation; which graph would work best? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many points of data should you have to calculate standard deviation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of data do you need to calculate standard deviations? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why should a team translate VOC into requirements? |
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Definition
| in order to measure the process against the specs to determine capability |
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Term
| What is the most important thing to consider when collecting data? |
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Definition
| to get truly representative data |
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Term
| What is the biggest problem to avoid in sampling? |
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Definition
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Term
| Random sampling usually works best when you have what kind of situation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Y is independent of X? |
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Definition
| Y is always dependent on X |
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Term
| What is the X axis on a run chart? |
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Definition
| increments of time or time sequence order of samples |
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Term
| What are the three signals of special cause in a run chart? |
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Definition
| 8 consecutive points on one side or the other of the median; 7 or more consecutive points in an upward or downward pattern; 14 or more consecutive points up and down crossing the median line |
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Term
| The definition of "special causes" of variation means that it is expected, normal and random. (true or false) |
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Definition
| false; that is the definition of common cause |
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Term
| The champions role is to remove roadblocks and to communicate issues between the leadership team and the project team. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| A team should wait until they are ready to implement their solutions before they begin project planning. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| Is this a good example of a problem statement: "The group in NY does things differently than the group in California." |
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Definition
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Term
| "Increase sales by 20x"; is this a good goal statement? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 80/20 rule is based on what charting technique? |
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Definition
| Pareto Principal; Pareto chart |
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Term
| How many points of data should you have for a run chart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of data should you use for a run chart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the X axis of a control chart? |
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Definition
| time or time sequence order of a sample |
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Term
| Who are we referring to when we discuss capability? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the component in a charter where a team explains the need to work on this issue now vs. later? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tool works best to help a team identify how much work they should take on with a DMAIC project? |
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Definition
| in and Out of Frame; Scope |
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Term
| If you change the boundaries of a SIPOC, will it potentially change who the customer or suppliers are? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rule of thumb for how many steps should be in a SIPOC? |
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Definition
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Term
| An input is considered an X variable. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| Total cycletime would be a good example of Y data. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you calculate rolled thru-put yield? |
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Definition
| % yield x % yield x % yield (across all process steps) |
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Term
| What is the definition of a defective unit? |
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Definition
| any unit with 1 or more defects |
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Term
| DPMO uses defective units in the calculation. (true or false) |
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Definition
| False - it uses specific defects |
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Term
| Continuous data is more powerful statistically speaking, and can be used with fewer data points. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| You can change discrete data into continuous data. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| Asking "Why?" five times helps to get to root causes, or to narrow down the ideas on a fishbone to get to root causes. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rule of thumb for how long a team should collect data? |
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Definition
| at least 4 times the business cycle |
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Term
| Should a team just follow the advice of someone in the organization who tells them to just go get 20 points of data and move on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Would you suggest to a team that a pilot is not necessary? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do you have to use every tool taught in GB training in order to be effective with DMAIC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would you suggest a team do once they have a pareto done? |
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Definition
| if you want to drill down to a second level you can do that, but a pareto is a great lead in to a fishbone |
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Term
| If a team uses a scatter plot early on in a project, should they do one again to prove root causes? |
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Definition
| yes possibly, to prove hypotheses of causes |
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Term
| The best way to know statistical significance with discrete data is to use a Chi-square analysis. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| The best tool to understand what could go wrong (risk) is what? |
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Definition
| FMEA Failure Modes Effects Analysis |
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Term
| What is a tool that a team could use to help them decide on the best solution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the rules of brainstorming? |
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Definition
| no judgement; no filtering, the faster the better, the more creative the better, record exactly what is said |
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Term
| You should always do brainstorming out-loud. (true or false) |
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Definition
| False; you need to use the best approach to suit the audience |
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Term
| What are the components of a control plan? |
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Definition
| FMEA, and Process Mgmt (maps, monitoring plan and response plan) |
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Term
| What are some things to consider when creating documentation? |
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Definition
| watch out for acronyms or abbreviations, jargon or technoese; write to an 8th grade level; use graphics as much as possible; how to manage revisions |
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Term
| Could a team use a Chi-Square analysis to prove a change was made between the before and after state of a process? |
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Definition
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Term
| A stakeholder is always a customer. (true or false) |
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Definition
| false; a customer is a type of stakeholder but not all stakeholders are customers |
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Term
| When identifying those people in the organization that care about the changes we might make, what tool can a team use? |
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Definition
| Stakeholder's Analysis Worksheet |
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Term
| Most people enjoy change. (true or false) |
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Definition
| False; even good changes can be stressful to people |
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Term
| The best time of day for brainstorming and being creative is 8am. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| The venue may have an impact on how create a team can be. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| A list of behaviors a team will agree to abide by are referred to as……..(what?) |
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Definition
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Term
| DPMO is a calulation that the customer cares about. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| Yield is a calculation that the customer cares about. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of non-value added work? |
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Definition
| moves, decisions, inspections and controls, rework, approvals |
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Term
| To be considered a value added step, it must meet what 3 criteria? |
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Definition
| 1) the customer cares about the step, 2) transforms the unit moving thru the process, 3) done right the first time |
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Term
| In DMAIC thinking, a team should first try to prevent a problem from occuring. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when we use devises or warning signals that prevent us or the customer from having a problem with the process or product? |
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Definition
| Poka Yoke (Mistake Proofing) |
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Term
| If a team does not consider ways to prevent someone from going back to the old way during a crisis, the process change may not be effective over time. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| Process maps should be used for what purpose? |
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Definition
| identify bottlenecks, gaps, non-value added steps, perform CY analysis, perform COPQ |
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Term
| What are the common mapping symbols? |
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Definition
| squares are tasks/activities; circle or ovals are start and end points; diamonds are decisions; arrows depict flow |
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Term
| CTQs refers to the customers address. (true or false) |
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Definition
| False; CTQs are Critical To Quality or the needs of customers |
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Term
| A team should still consider solutions if they do not help to achieve the goal in the charter. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| The calculation of how much a solution will cost and the ROI is called (what)? |
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Definition
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Term
| The calculation of what a process costs the business to run, in it's current state is referred to as….. (what)? |
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Definition
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Term
| A team should always address the costs of the process in the charter. (true or false) |
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Definition
| Impact is often referred to as $; the financial oppty is very often addressed in the business case or in the problem/goal statements |
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Term
| Correlation = causation (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| Every project will fit with DMAIC. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| Project ideas can come from employees, customers and managers. (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the things that could go into COPQ? |
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Definition
| labor hours, esp with non-value added steps, service recovery costs, scrap, excess inventory & any special space or equipment to handle it; additional shipping expenses |
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Term
| How do you calculate DPMO? |
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Definition
| (# of defects divided by # of units x # of opportunities) x 1million |
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