Term
| 4 factors when deciding which attributes to map and analyze and which attributes to ignore are? |
|
Definition
Proposed site uses (for example, project program)
Existing on-site and off-site conditions
Requirements for permitting and approvals
Costs of data collection and analysis
Collectively these four factors dictate the scope of the site inventory and analysis |
|
|
Term
| Site data that may be conveyed on a topographic survey |
|
Definition
| legal (property lines, easements, bldg setbacks, site area), topography, vegetation, soils/geography, hydrology, utilities, structures, circulation |
|
|
Term
| site attributes that vary seasonally? |
|
Definition
| wildlife distribution, wind direction and speed, seasonal high water table |
|
|
Term
| 3 key attribute maps derived from a topgraphic survey |
|
Definition
| elevation, slope and aspect (orientation) |
|
|
Term
| typical coloring spectrum to enhance topographic elevation maps effectiveness? |
|
Definition
| cool colors (lower elevation) to warm colors (higher elevation) |
|
|
Term
| soil attributes that a site inventory may consider? |
|
Definition
| acidity/alkalinity (pH), permeability, erosion potential, depth to seasonally high-water table, depth to bedrock |
|
|
Term
| where does plant hardiness map come from? |
|
Definition
| USDA (US department of argiculture) |
|
|
Term
| atmospheric conditions that vary annually? |
|
Definition
| temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall, snowfall, solar radiation, potential natural hazards |
|
|
Term
| potential data sources for site inventory? |
|
Definition
| aerial photographs, subsurface boring, wide variety of reference maps |
|
|
Term
| Not always possible due to budgetary constraints, but best way to yield a much more comprehensive understanding of local site conditions? Especially drainage patterns, wind patterns, and microclimate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wetland classification on the basis of plant and soil conditions fall into what 3 categories? |
|
Definition
areas with hydrophytes and hydric soils (marshes, swamps, and bogs)
areas without soils but with hydrophytes (aquatic beds and seaweed-covered rocky shores)
areas without soil and without hydrophytes (gravel beaches and tidal flats) that are periodically flooded |
|
|
Term
| federal fish and wildlife service's wetland classification scheme has 5 general classes, what are they? |
|
Definition
Marine (open ocean and its associated coastline)
Estuarine (tidal waters of coastal rivers and embayments, salty tidal marshes, mangrove swamps, and tidal flats)
Riverine (rivers and streams)
Lacustrine (lakes, reservoirs, and large ponds)
Palustrine (marshes, wet meadows, fens, playas, potholes, pocosins, bogs, swamps and small shallow ponds) |
|
|
Term
| What are most common wetlands in US? |
|
Definition
| large majority of the wetlands in US are in the Palustrine systems; most of the remaining wetlands are in the estuarine system |
|
|
Term
| The International Society of Arboriculture four factors to consider the economic values of trees? |
|
Definition
Tree Size
Tree Species (hardy, well adapted species are worth most)
Tree condition or health (for example roots, trunk, branches, leaves)
Tree location (functional and aesthetic value) |
|
|
Term
| when considering brownfield sites for redevelopment, the sites should be carefully assessed prior to purchase and detailed planning and design. This is called what in the US? |
|
Definition
| ASTM Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) |
|
|
Term
| ASTM Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) |
|
Definition
| summarizes sites ownership and land use history, in addition to current soil and groundwater conditions. All buildings and other structures on the site are also evaluated and mapped. |
|
|
Term
| A common form of land use regulation at the local level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does conventional or euclidean zoning contribute to urban sprawl? |
|
Definition
| separating residential uses from non-residential use, and by fostering land consumptive development patterns that make transportation by walking or public transit vitually impractical |
|
|
Term
| What are some increasingly common variances to local zoning codes? |
|
Definition
Planned urban development (PUD)
Planned Development District (PDD) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Planned urban development (PUD)
Planned Development District (PDD)
rezoned districts may be permitted to allow the consolidation of mulitple parcels into a single master-planned proect, often for mixed use development. Provides greater flexibility in meeting the density and land use requirements for the site as a whole |
|
|
Term
| What are a subdivision ordinances? |
|
Definition
| subdivision of a parcel of land into several smaller parcels is a key step in many residetial projects. Subdivision ordinances typically set minimum requirements for parcel size. These ordinances may also limit number and location of curb cuts, street access points, building setbacks, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What legal issues should be investigated for a site? |
|
Definition
zoning classification (permitted land use and densities)
easments, covenanats and other deed restrictions
government agencies with jurisdiction over the property
building placement requirements (required front, back, and side yard setbacks from property boundaries)
allowable building area
building heights, bulk, floor area ration, and footprint restrictions
parking and driveway requirements
minimum requirements for open space (public and private)
on-site recreation or environmental requirements
landscapeing requirements
required special permits, regulations, and planning procedures (for example, variances, design review, public hearings, environmental test/data) |
|
|
Term
| what is required before a bank or lending institution finances a real estate puchase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property appraisal includes? |
|
Definition
| attributes of the site itself and the imporvements made to the site, such as buildings and other structures. Also consider the effects of the site context , such as the value of nearby properties, adjacent street traffic, and scenic off-site view of the built or natural environments |
|
|
Term
| US Appraisal theory has 3 different models of economic behavior. What are they? |
|
Definition
| these 3 models are called approaches to value and are referred to as the cost approach, the sales comparison approach and the income approach |
|
|
Term
| Purchase of development rights (PDR), coupled with conservation easements can have what effect on land development? |
|
Definition
| keep land undeveloped for either an unlimited or a defined period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce a parcels development potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ensure physical access to or across a site from adjacent properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide physical access to install, replace, and maintain utility system infrastructure, such as power lines or underground piping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restrict development potential and are often used to protect hiking trails and other recreational areas and to maintain important ecosystem functions suc as groundwater recharge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protect vistas and viewsheds by preventing development that blocks or degrades those views |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protect solar access to adjacent property |
|
|
Term
| Transfer of development rights (TDR) |
|
Definition
| less common but effective legal strategy for redirecting potential development from conservation areas to other more suitable locations |
|
|
Term
| Site utility map typically includes what? |
|
Definition
potable water, electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, stormwater sewage, sanitary sewage
an inventory of existing site utilities should include locations of utility poles, overhead power lines, fire hydrants, and utility boxes, as well as the diamters of underground pipelines |
|
|
Term
| Kevin lynch (the image of the city) 5 functional element? |
|
Definition
edges (shorelines, roades, hedgeways, etc)
paths (streets, walkways, etc.)
districts (neighborhoods)
nodes (entrances, plazas, street and walkway intersections, etc.)
landmarks (unique buildings, structures, and natural features, etc.) |
|
|
Term
| land use planning process that Ian Mcharg advocates for in his book Design with Nature |
|
Definition
| Environmental determinism - allowing the analysis of biophysical conditions to drive land use allocation decisions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of determining the fitness, or the appropriateness, of a given tract of land for a specified use (spatially explicit and program dependent) |
|
|
Term
| 3 steps to suitability analysis? |
|
Definition
1 Identify suitability criteria for each anticipated land use
2 collect and map the relevant site attribute data
3 identify and map the site locations with attribute values that meet the suitability criteria for the targeted land uses. |
|
|
Term
| factors considered when collecting data themes and sources: |
|
Definition
| data requirements, data relevance, data reliability, and data availability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spot zoning is the application of zoning to a specific parcel of land within a larger zoned area when the rezoning is usually at odds with a city's master plan and current zoning restrictions. The rezoning may be for the benefit of a particular owner, and at odds with pre-existing adjacent property owners. |
|
|
Term
| 3 local governement branches and function |
|
Definition
legislative branch - writes and enacts laws
exectutive branch - administers laws
judicial branch - interprets laws |
|
|
Term
| 4 ways governement is to protect public health, safety and welfare (development controls) |
|
Definition
public investment (transportation and utility infrastructure, open space, parks)
regulations (zoning, subdivision ordinances and building codes)
incentives and disincentives (preferential taxation and zoning bonuses)
land use planning (comprehensive plan and capital improvements plan) |
|
|
Term
| Zoning regulations address 3 sets of issues within each zone |
|
Definition
Permitted use of land and buildings
intensity of use (dwelling units per acre or FAR)
height, bulk, and other dimensional standards |
|
|
Term
| variance may be requested why? |
|
Definition
| if due to unusual circumstances, compliance with the zoning requirements would pose a hardship on the land owner |
|
|
Term
| why would zoning change be granted? |
|
Definition
| zoning change may be granted if it would benefit the general welfare of the community and if the change would be consistent with the objectives of the comprehensive plan |
|
|
Term
| site plan review can ensure that the sites development will meet basic standards inclusive of what? |
|
Definition
protection of sensitive natural environments
prevention of environmental harm
minimal impacts on surrounding properties
efficiency and convenience
proper relationships to public services
adequate consideration to expansion options |
|
|
Term
| two critical attributes of sustainable and livable neighborhoods and communities, beyond the basic standards are? |
|
Definition
buildings that are human-scaled in their massing and articulation and are responsive to physical and cultural site and contextual conditions
outdoor open spaces that are human-scaled, appropriately lighted and furnished, and connected with similarly designed and landscaped pedestrian circulation systems |
|
|
Term
| information required for a plan review |
|
Definition
existing conditions
proposed development activities
impacts of the proposed development activities |
|
|
Term
| submission requirements for site plan review typically include? |
|
Definition
| completed application, filing fee, proof of ownership and legal desc of property, location map, site analysis, , site plan, landscape plan, site engineering plan, building plan, impact assessment, schedule for project completion |
|
|
Term
| what is a comprehensive plan? |
|
Definition
| community level "vision" statements about how the community intends to grow and develop, typically 20 to 30 year period |
|
|
