Term
| are research designs that use the results from a single (or few) participant(s) to establish the existence of cause- and- effect relationships. |
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Definition
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Term
| A single- subject design does not provide researchers with a set of ___ from a group of subjects |
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Definition
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Term
| Each subject receives both ___ (B) and ___ (A) conditions and “serves as his/her own control.” Juxtaposition of Baseline (A) phases with Treatment (B) phases provides mechanism for experimental control (___ ___). Control is based on within and across subject ___ |
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Definition
| treatment; control; internal validity; replication |
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Term
| Why use single-subject design? |
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Definition
-Flexible design
-In some situations it is unethical to deny a control group treatment, so a single-subject design is the alternative
-Study low incidence populations and behaviors.
-Cost effective. It’s very expensive to conduct large-scale randomized control trials (RCTs).
-Evaluate intervention prior to large scale study. SSD is an “ideal tool for establishing the viability of treatments in real-life settings before attempts are made to implement them at the large scale needed for RCTs |
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Term
Limitations of Single-subject Design:
-Low ___.
-Data analysis via visual inspection of data can result in ___ interpretation. Also no established ___ and low ___ among observers. |
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Definition
| generalizability; unreliable; standards; agreement |
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Term
| To establish a pattern (level or trend) within a phase and to determine the stability of the data within a phase, a phase must consist of a minimum of ___ observations and be ___. In visual analyses we look for changes in ___, ___, and ___. |
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Definition
| three; stable; Level; Trend; Variability |
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Term
When to change phases:
When the data in a baseline phase show a trend indicating improvement in the client’s behavior, a researcher ____ intervene by introducing a treatment phase. Determine if behavior ___ when intervention was administered |
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Definition
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Term
Alternating phases of baseline (A) and treatment (B)
Alternatives include the A-B-A-B design |
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Definition
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Term
| The systematic addition of behaviors, subjects, or settings for intervention. Used when baselines cannot be recovered after treatment has been received |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapid alternation of treatments to a single subject to assess the effectiveness of two or more treatments |
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Definition
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Term
Multiple Baseline designs:
-Multiple baseline across ___: Measure and treat two or more relatively equivalent behaviors
-Multiple baseline across ___: Administer treatment on a behavior in more than one setting
-Multiple baseline across ___: Administer treatment to more than one participant |
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Definition
| behaviors; settings; subjects |
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