Term
procedure used to assess middle ear function in which the
immittance of the TM & middle ear is measured as air pressure delivered to the ear canal is varied |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tympanometry:
-Graph of acoustic immittance (in mmho) as fct of ___ ___ (in daPa)
-Peak is pressure at which admittance is ___; Measure at pressures higher & lower than ___ pressure to diagnose ME disorder
-Typically measured in __
-Can be measured in ___ or ___ |
|
Definition
| air pressure; greatest; ambient; Y; susceptance (B); conductance (G) |
|
|
Term
| result of disease process of the middle ear structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any deficiency in middle ear functioning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any pathologic condition of the middle ear space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exudation of fluid from the membranous walls of the middle ear cavity, secondary to inflammation |
|
Definition
| middle ear effusion (MEE) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unobstructed, functional pressure-equalization tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal opening in a tissue or structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pure tone that is held at a constant intensity level in the ear canal; used to indirectly measure changes in energy flow through the middle ear mechanism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| daPa (1 daPa equals 10 Pascals) |
|
|
Term
| measure of the ease of energy transfer through the outer & middle ear; reciprocal of stiffness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ear canal pressure (in daPa) at which the peak occurs |
|
Definition
| tympanometric peak pressure |
|
|
Term
| air pressure in the middle ear cavity that is below atmospheric pressure, resulting from an inability to equalize pressure due to eustachian tube dysfunction |
|
Definition
| negative middle ear pressure |
|
|
Term
| air pressure in the middle ear cavity that is greater than atmospheric pressure, resulting from air being forced into the middle ear through the eustahian tube |
|
Definition
| positive middle ear pressure |
|
|
Term
| tympanometric estimate of the volume of the ear canal between the probe tip & the TM |
|
Definition
| equivalent ear canal volume |
|
|
Term
in immittance measures, the translation of changes in probe-tone SPL into volume changes, so that in increase in SPL would appear as a decrease in equivalent volume of a cavity & a decrease in SPL would appear as an increase in equivalent
volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effects of ear canal between probe tip & TM |
|
Definition
| equivalent ear canal volume |
|
|
Term
standard derived from a representative sampling of a population considered to be normal for the characteristic of interest
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acoustic immittance measures adjusted by removal of ear canal contributions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
characterization of the shape of a tympanogram by the slope
of its sides near its peak |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 5 contraindications to conducting immittance measures |
|
Definition
| ear drainage, ear pain, aural atresia, post-surgery, hyperacusis and/or tinnitus |
|
|
Term
| The role of the eustachian tube is to regulate ME ___ and protects TM, ossicles, & cochlea from extreme ___ changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-___ ___: attempt to force open the eustachian tube by blowing with the nostrils & mouth closed
-Valsalva: ___ of the middle ear by closing the mouth and noise and forcing air up the eustachian tube
-Designed to introduce ___ pressure in the ME space via the ET
-Record pre-test tympanogram (baseline)
-Pt’s Task: hold ___ & gently blow air into the posterior nasopharynx
-Record ___-test tympanogram
-If the ET opens, will see a ___ shift in tymp |
|
Definition
| Valsalva maneuver; autoinflation; positive; nose; post; positive |
|
|
Term
Sniff Test:
-A modified ___ method
-Get a ___ tymp & perform the Valsalva test, then
-Ask pt to ___ off 1 nostril & take several sharp sniffs
-Measure a ___-test tymp
-If ET is working, will see TPP shift toward ___
pressure |
|
Definition
| Valsalva; baseline; close; post; negative |
|
|
Term
Toynbee Test:
-More ___ than Valsalva test
-Designed to introduce ___ pressure into the ME
-Pt’s task: hold nose & ___
-If TM is intact, changes in TPP suggest the ET is ___
-If TM is perforated, can use ___ to measure ME pressure changes, if the ET opens, will see a shift toward ___ pressure |
|
Definition
| reliable; negative; swallow; working; manometer; negative |
|
|
Term
Inflation-Deflation Test:
-A pressure-___ test to measure ET function
-Record ___ tymp (pre-test)
-Put High + pressure (___) or neg. pressure (___) in the canal (+/- 400 daPa)
-Ask pt to ___ a few times
-Record another ___
-If the ET is open, will see a TPP shift in opposite direction of
applied pressure |
|
Definition
| swallow; baseline; inflation; deflation; swallow; tymp |
|
|
Term
| Identify 5 Jerger classifications of tympanogram types |
|
Definition
-type A: normal
-Type B: increased impedance broadens or flatten tymp
-Type: significant negative or positive pressure-ET dysfunction
-Deep type Ad-decreased stiffness
-Shallow type As-increased stiffness |
|
|
Term
| What are some disorders/pathologies that are likely associated with each Jerger type of tympanogram? |
|
Definition
| Type B-OME; Type C-ET Dysfunction; Type Ad-momomeric TM and ossicular discontinuity; Type As-otosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Ear canal pressure (in daPa) at which the peak occurs |
|
Definition
| Tympanometric Peak Pressure (TPP) |
|
|
Term
Typanometric Peak Pressure (TPP):
-An ___ (not a direct measure) of ME pressure
-Y tm reaches max value when pressures on both sides of TM are ___
-Measured TPP can be ___; has been shown to ___ actual ME pressure by as much as 100%
-Its good for identifying positive or negative pressure due to ___ ___
-___ to normative data |
|
Definition
| indicator; equal; wrong; overestimate; ET Dysfunction; Compare |
|
|
Term
Ear Canal Volume:
-Admittance measured at probe tip represents combined admittance of ___ ___ AND ___ ___ space
-So, introducing positive pressure (+200 daPa), ___ system (& decreases immittance to zero)
-If canal walls are rigid, then admittance measured at probe tip is attributed to ___ trapped in canal |
|
Definition
| ear canal; middle ear; stiffens; air |
|
|
Term
Peak Compensated Static Admittance (Ytm):
-Peak value: reps ___ of middle ear & canal
-If put high + pressure in canal, admittance at probe tip estimates admittance of ear canal ___ (Vea)
-___ ___ (admittance of canal & ME) minus (admittance of ___ only) = Ytm
-Ytm: admittance of ___ & ___ ___ only |
|
Definition
| admittance; alone; peak value; canal; TM; middle ear |
|
|
Term
Tympanometric Width (TW):
-Width of tympanogram (in daPa) measured at one half the compensated ___ ___
-If tymp has sharp peak, will measure ___ TW
-If tymp is rounded, will measure ___ TW |
|
Definition
| static admittance; small; large |
|
|
Term
Tympanometric Gradient:
-characterization of the shape of a tympanogram by the ___
of its sides near its peak
-measured as the difference between the ___ and the average ___ at + 50 daPa
-index ranges from 1.0 (flat tymp) to high values depending on
value at ___
-Higher gradient means ___, more ___ tymp |
|
Definition
| slope; peak; amplitude; TPP; sharper; narrow |
|
|
Term
-Do not interpret tympanograms alone
-Pts with “normal, type A tymps” can have ___ ___ ___
-Pts with “normal, type A tymps” can have ___
disorder
-Disorders other than ___ can yield flat, type B tymps
-Type ___ and ___ tymps can be measured in ears with or without hearing loss |
|
Definition
| ME disorder; retrocochlear; OME; As; Ad |
|
|
Term
| Describe the range of normal ear canal volumes in persons across the lifespan |
|
Definition
Infants-<.5 cc
Children .3-1 cc
Adults-.65 to 1.75 cc |
|
|
