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| All the parts of the planet that are inhibited by living things. -Includes both the atmosphere and the soil; the sum of all the earths ecosystem. |
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| A community of living things and the non-living features of the environmental needed for their survival. |
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| an independent living thing |
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| a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid; the hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell, contains the info to make new cells. a provider of instructions. |
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| a segment of DNA that carries the hereditary instructions for producing a protein. -the basic info unit |
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| an organism that makes its own food using the energy in light (photosynthesis) or a chemical reaction (chemosynthesis). -green plants and some bacteria. |
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| an organism that must eat other living things to provide the food energy. -pretty much all animals |
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| a type of consumer that breaks waste and/or dead organisms to provide its food energy. -fungi, bacteria, and scavengers |
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| a map of energy flow that shows what organisms eat what in the ecosystem. |
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| a more complete map of energy flow that shows all of the various food chains in an ecosystem and how they are related. |
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| the scientific study of the interactions among and between organisms and their environment |
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| any living part of an ecosystem |
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| any non-living component of an ecosystem. -includes both the physical and chemical features of the environment. |
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| a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time. |
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| all the populations of organisms living in one area |
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| the specific environment in which an organism lives with all its characteristic abiotic and biotic factors |
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| the average seasonal weather conditions for a given location. -includes average high and low temperatures, precipitation, and solar radiation |
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| a climate in a specific area that differs significantly from the climate of the surrounding region |
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| a major type of terrestrial (land) ecosystem |
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| forest ecosystem near the equator that receives as much as 250 cm of rainfall yearly |
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| grassland with scattered trees found in tropical regions. -these regions have a warm climate with alternating wet and dry seasons |
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| land area that receives less than 30cm of rain a year. -climate may be hot, temp, or even polar. |
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| a temperature, coastal ecosystem dominated by dense evergreen shrubs. climate consists of mild, rainy winters and hot dry summers. |
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| ecosystem built on deep nutrient soil that supports a wide variety of grasses. -Growth of woody shrubs and trees is prevented by drought, occasional fires, and the grazing of large animals |
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| a forest ecosystem in a temperature region characterized by trees and shrubs that drop their leaves each winter. |
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| a forest ecosystem dominated by cone-bearing evergreen trees, mostly found in northern latitudes. -trees are adapted to long cold winters with heavy snow. |
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| an ecosystem found above the arctic circle or on high mountains characterized by extreme cold, frozen sub-soil, and high winds. -plant communities are dominated by mosses and grasses |
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| permanently frozen sub-soil |
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| measures how crowded a population is |
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| the spatial distributions of individuals within the population. |
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| the number of births occurring in a period of time |
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| the number of deaths in a period of time |
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| how long ago on average an individual is expected to live |
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| the distribution of individuals among different ages in a population |
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| the graph of a species mortality rate data. |
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| the amount by which a populations size changes in a given time. |
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| the movement of individuals into a population |
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| the movement of individuals out of the population |
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| the larger the population gets, the faster it grows. |
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| a factor that restrains the growth of a population |
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| density-independent factor |
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| (weather, floody, fires) reduce the population by the same proportions regardless of the populations size. |
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| the number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem is capable of supporting |
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