Term
| Early sign of increased ICP |
|
Definition
| Cushing triad-irregular resp, increased bp, decreased pulse, unequal pupils, increased body temp |
|
|
Term
| Very late sign of increased ICP |
|
Definition
| hypotension with increased body temp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurological signs often are one sided or asymmetrical, coma often occurs instantly, unresponsive or asymmetrical pupils |
|
|
Term
| S&S of a toxic-metabolic coma |
|
Definition
| slow to develop, neurological findings often are the same on both sides of the body, normal pupil response |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important physical sign in distinguishing between structural and toxic metabolic causes of a coma |
|
Definition
pupil reaction-
structural coma- unresponsive asymmetrical pupils
toxic metabolic coma- normal pupil response |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of stroke |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is usual pt hx for ischemic stroke |
|
Definition
hx of blood vessel disease, a-fib, hx of angina,
(RARE )long bone injury, oral contraceptives, sickle cells disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S of hemorrhagic stroke |
|
Definition
| develops abruptly, worse headache of patients life, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, seizure- expect crushings triad |
|
|
Term
| Pt hx for a hemorrhagic stroke |
|
Definition
| they often occur during stress or exertion, cocaine use, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a difference in bp readings of the upper extremities of 10mm Hg or more |
|
|
Term
| S&S of a petit mal seizure |
|
Definition
| children between 4-12, brief lapses of consciousness without loss of posture, no motor activity is seen- sometimes children may have eye blinking, lip smacking, or isolated contraction of muscles |
|
|
Term
| What is the biggest difference between syncope and seizure |
|
Definition
| syncope typically happens when the patient is standing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typically happens when pt is standing, patient normally has a period of light headedness and bradycardia |
|
|
Term
| S&S for tension headaches |
|
Definition
| this type of headache is dull, persistent, and non throbbing that may last for days or weeks |
|
|
Term
| S&S for migraine headaches |
|
Definition
| this type of headache is seveere, incapacitating headache that usually begins with intense, throbbing pain on one side of the head, |
|
|
Term
| S&S for cluster headaches |
|
Definition
| this type of headache often occurs after the person has fallen asleep, usually pain is located around one eye, pain normally varies within a time period |
|
|
Term
| histamine headaches are also known as |
|
Definition
| cluster headaches and are treated with antihistamines |
|
|
Term
| What are S&S for sinus headaches |
|
Definition
| "pressure behind the face" pain in the forehead, nasal area, and eyes |
|
|
Term
| This disease is marked by a slow but progressive degeneration of muscle fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S for Muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
Only males are affected,
children are slow to sit up and walk
wasted muscles turns to fat
rarely live past teenage years |
|
|
Term
| This is a autoimmune disease that destroys patches of myelin in the brain and spinal cord and scarring of the nerve fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S for multiple sclerosis |
|
Definition
numbness and tingling to paralysis and incontinence, fatigue
S&S are not always constant |
|
|
Term
| S&S for dystonic reaction |
|
Definition
painful muscle spasms,
abnormal muscle rigidity |
|
|
Term
| This refers to a infection or disease of the trigeminal nerve (V) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S for central pain syndrome |
|
Definition
most common form is tic douloureux- described as recurrent bursts of electric shock
patients have a twitch in their face (tic) |
|
|
Term
| this is paralysis of the facial muscles caused by inflammation of the VII cranial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
it is associated with contraction of Lyme disease, herpes virus, mumps, and HIV
Usually causes the eyelid and corner of the mouth to droop |
|
|
Term
| This disorder results from the nerves that control muscular activity degenerate in the brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis aka Lou Gehrig disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
involuntary quivering (fasciculations)
late stage is unable to speak , swallow or move |
|
|
Term
| This disorder results from damage to the peripheral nervous system that slows or fully blocks the passage of electrical signals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a congential defect in which part of one or more vertebrae fail to develop completely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This disorder is caused by degeneration of or damage to nerve cells in the basal ganglia and causes a lack of dopamine production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the disease prevents the basal ganglia from modifying nerve pathways the control muscle contraction resulting in a tremor, joint rigididty and slow movement
fixed facial expression, unblinking, |
|
|
Term
| what are two diseases that affect the adrenal system |
|
Definition
addisons disease
cushing syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are 5 diseases that affect the thyroid system |
|
Definition
hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism,
myxedema
thyroid storm
thyrotoxicosis |
|
|
Term
| What are diseases of the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is thought to be a autoimmune disease that attacks the beta cells of the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this disease occurs typically in overweight adults over 40 characterized by decreased in production of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells and diminshed tissue sensitivity to insulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common type II diabetic drugs ends in these three leters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another term for insulin shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another term for hyperglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs rapidly
pale or moist skin
Intense hunger
<60 mg/dL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slow onset
dehydration
warm dry skin
nausea vomiting
acetone breath odor
seldom comatose
low BP |
|
|
Term
| This happens from sustained hyperglycemia that often occurs in older undiagnosed type II diabetes |
|
Definition
| HHNK Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma |
|
|
Term
| What are early S&S for HHNK |
|
Definition
DEHYDRATION
Rapid Shallow breathing
Low BP
>600 mg/dL |
|
|
Term
| This is a excessive thyroid activity characterized by generalized enlargement of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
swollen neck and often protruding eyes
caused by excessive thyroid activity |
|
|
Term
| This refers to any toxic condition that results from overproduction of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Closely resembles adrenergic hyperactivity
Severe tachycardia
cardiac dysrthymias
hyperthermia
delirium |
|
|
Term
| What can cause S&S that resemble thyroid storm |
|
Definition
| cocaine and amphetamine use |
|
|
Term
| This condition results from a deficiency in thyroid hormone production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thickening and coarsening of the skin, lips and nose
hypothermia
mental obtundation |
|
|
Term
| What are two disorders of the adrenal gland |
|
Definition
| cushing syndrome and addisons disease |
|
|
Term
| This is caused by an abnormally high circulating level of corticosteroid hormone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common cause of Cushing syndrome |
|
Definition
Administration of corticosteroid drugs
Pituitary tumor causing massive release of adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenal gland tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a red moon shaped face
obese
buffalo hump
Increased body and facial hair
slow healing |
|
|
Term
| This disease is caused by a deficiency of the corticosteroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands |
|
Definition
| Addison Disease- Think of add as in needs to (add)ison more corticosteroid hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Develops over months and years
skin hyperpigmentation
weight loss
weakness
hypotension
GI disorders |
|
|
Term
| What is a addisonian crisis |
|
Definition
| it is generally caused by stress resulting in low BS, dehydration and extreme muscle weakness and low BP |
|
|
Term
| In what time frame do S&S of anaphylaxis usually appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the secondary drug to treat anaphylaxis if the patient does not respond to epi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the most common cardiac arrest rhythms seen with anaphylaxis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
described as cramping or gas type pn varies in intensity
diffuse and difficult to localize
caused by hollow organs or ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sharp or stabbing pn caused by irritation of the peritoneum that is constant and localized, involuntary guarding of the abd |
|
|
Term
| What are organs are sources of visceral pn |
|
Definition
| appendicitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis and intestinal obstruction |
|
|
Term
| what are common causes/organs of somatic pn |
|
Definition
| appendicitis, ulcer, inflamed gallbladder or intestine |
|
|
Term
| what is a positive finding in orthostatic vital signs |
|
Definition
| a drop of 10-15 mm/Hg systolic bp with a rise of 10-15 in pulse measuring vitals 1 min after new posture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sudden onset of a ripping, tearing, or sharp and cutting pn that often originates between the scapulae
BP differs in all four extremities |
|
|
Term
| How do S&S of a AAA differ from a MI or PE |
|
Definition
AAA has maximal pn on onset vs crescendo pn associated with MI,
AAA has significant differences in bp between left and right extremities
AAA- peripheral pulses are unequal |
|
|
Term
| When percussing a hollow organ like the stomach or intestines, what type of sound would you hear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When percussing a solid organs or masses, what type of sound would you hear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This syndrome is a esophageal laceration that usually results from repeated vomiting or retching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of upper GI bleeding is commonly caused by chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the bleeding source is the patient has melena |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the bleeding source if the patient has hematochezia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is inflammation of the stomach and intestines with an associated sudden onset of vomiting, diarrhea, or both |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S of acute gastroenteritis |
|
Definition
vomiting/hypokalemia
diarrhea
dehydration
generally caused by viral infection spread by feces or infected water |
|
|
Term
| This condition is known as inflammatory bowel disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of Ulcerative Colitis |
|
Definition
characterized by ulceration fo the mucosa of the intestine
usually occurs in the rectum and the lower part f the colon
Blood and pus inflammes the colon causing frequent diarrhea
typically starts between 15-30
Can be caused by immune system or food allergy |
|
|
Term
| what are the S&S of ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
| fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, rectal bleeding and dehydration |
|
|
Term
| What is Kehr sign and what causes it |
|
Definition
| it is referred pain that is in the left shoulder caused by irritation of the diaphram by a splenic hematoma |
|
|
Term
| What are the retroperitoneal organs |
|
Definition
| kidneys, ureters, pancreas, duodenum |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of diverticulosis |
|
Definition
it is a sac or pouch that develops in the wall of the colon
Thought to be caused by diets low in fiber
Occurs in older patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is when one or more diverticula become obstructed with fecal matter |
|
|
Term
| What are the S&S of diverticulitis |
|
Definition
LLQ pain,
irregular bowel habits alternating constipation and diarrhea,
fever,
massive bright red rectal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| This is the most common cause of massive rectal bleeding in older adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of appendicitis |
|
Definition
most patients between 8-25
commonly caused by fecal matter obstruction between the cecum and appendix |
|
|
Term
| What are the S&S of appendicitis |
|
Definition
Abd pn and cramping
nausea
anorexia
vomiting
chills
low grade fever |
|
|
Term
| What is a late S&S of appendicitis |
|
Definition
| RLQ pain medial to the iliac crest-MCBURNEY POINT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RLQ pain medial to the iliac crest usually caused by appendicitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the S&S for a ruptured appendix |
|
Definition
| diminished pain before the development of peritoneal signs |
|
|
Term
| What is Zollinger-Ellsion syndrome |
|
Definition
| it is a peptic ulcer caused by increased circulatory gastrin from gastrin-secreting tumors |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of peptic ulcer disease |
|
Definition
| erosion of the mucosal layers in the stomach where pepsin and hydrochloric acid sit |
|
|
Term
| What are common causes of peptic ulcer disease |
|
Definition
| H.pylori infection, NSAIDs, and increased circulatory gastrin(zollinger-ellison syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| what are S&S of peptic ulcer disease |
|
Definition
more frequent in men,
discomfort develops before meals or during stress
pain is described as a buring or gnawing discomfort in the LUQ
Pain is sudden in onset,
pain often relieved by food intake, antacids, or vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a Bowel obstruction |
|
Definition
| it is an occlustion of the intestinal lumen commonly caused by mechanical obstruction (adhesions, herniae, fecal impaction, polyps, tumors) |
|
|
Term
| Where do most bowel obstruction occur |
|
Definition
| in the small bowel usually caused by adhesions or herniae |
|
|
Term
| What is a Paralytic ileus |
|
Definition
| it is a decrease or absence of intestinal peristalsis and commonly mimics bowel obstruction |
|
|
Term
| What are S&S of intestinal obstruction |
|
Definition
nausea and vomiting,
abd pn
constipation
abd distention |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of crohns disease |
|
Definition
it is a chronic, inflammatory bowel disease that usually affects the ileum and or the colon.
It is autoimmune in nature and typically affects young adults |
|
|
Term
| How does crohns disease differ from IBS |
|
Definition
| Unlike crohns (inflammatory bowel disease) the abd pain of IBS is generally associated with emotional and physical stress. IBS pain is generally relieved by bowel movement as well |
|
|
Term
| What are S&S of Crohns disease |
|
Definition
| frequent attacks of diarrhea, severe abd pn, nausea, fever, chills, weakness, anorexia and weight loss |
|
|
Term
| What mental disease do crohns disease patients often suffer from |
|
Definition
| depression from the relentless pain |
|
|
Term
| what is the characteristics of pancreatits |
|
Definition
| it is when the pancreas becomes inflamed and pancreatic enzymes are released into the blood causing further inflammation and autodigestion of the gland |
|
|
Term
| What are S&S of pancreatitis |
|
Definition
severe abd pn radiating from the midumbilicus to the patients back and shoulders.
Nausea, vomiting and abd tenderness and distention
In sever cases, the patient has fever, tachycardia, and signs of sepsis and shock |
|
|
Term
| These are common with liver disease/cirrhosis and are often caused by portal hypertension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are S&S of esophagogastric varices |
|
Definition
episodes of prolonged violent vomiting
hematemesis
melena |
|
|
Term
| What is Mallory weiss syndrome |
|
Definition
| violent vomiting that produces a tear or laceration in the mucosa of the upper esophagus |
|
|
Term
| These are swollen, distended veins that are in or around the anus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are S&S of hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
Common in people over 50
Common during pregnancy
slight bleeding during or after defecation
recurrent episodes may cause anemia |
|
|
Term
| This is inflammation caused by an irritation and pressure buildup of bile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are S&S for acute cholecystits |
|
Definition
sudden onset of pain which radiates from RUQ to the right scapula
stones in the common bile duct can cause shaking chills, high fever, jaundice |
|
|
Term
| What are episodes of cholecystits usually brought on by |
|
Definition
gall stones that are mainly composed of cholesterol or recent ingestion of fried or fatty foods,
Rare- severe illness, alcohol abuse |
|
|
Term
| This is inflammation of the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sudden onset of malaise, weakness, anorexia, intermittent nausea and vomiting and dull RUQ pain
One week later- jaundice and or dark urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe abdominal pn, palpable bladder, urinary hesitancy, poor urinary stream, nocturia, |
|
|
Term
| This is inflammation of the kidney parenchyma typically from a lower UTI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, chills, flank pain, cloudy and bloody urine, nausea and vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they are also known as infection stones and are linked to chronic baterial UTI or frequent bladder catheterization |
|
|
Term
| Male S&S for urinary calcus |
|
Definition
pain originates in the flank area and radiates to the right or left lower abd quadrant, groin and testes
restlessness, nausea and vomiting, urinary urgency and or frequency, diaphoresis, low grade fever hematuria, dysuria, |
|
|
Term
| Female S&S for urinary calcus |
|
Definition
pain is described as feeling like labor pn,
restlessness, nausea and vomiting, urinary urgency and or frequency, diaphoresis, low grade fever hematuria, dysuria, |
|
|
Term
| This is inflammation of the organ that carries sperm from the testicle to the seminal vesicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unilateral scrotal pn that radiates to the spermatic cord.
inflammation and swelling of one or both testes
Recent hx of UTI, fever, and malaise |
|
|
Term
| How can you tell the difference between epididymitis and testicular torsion |
|
Definition
| epididymitis and testicular torsion are both associated with swelling of the testes. Epididymitis unlike testicular torsion is accompanied by fever |
|
|
Term
| This true urological emergency is when a testicle twists on its permatic cord dirupting the blood supply of the testicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S of testicular torsion |
|
Definition
pn is sudden onset and generally follows vigerous physical activity.
painfull swelling of the scrotal sac unrelieved by rest or scrotal elevation |
|
|
Term
| What conditions often result from renal failure |
|
Definition
| uremia with subsequent encephalopathy or pericarditis, hyperkalemia, acidosis, htn, and heartfailure because of fluid overload |
|
|
Term
| This results from indadequate perfusion of the kidneys thus being unable to rid the body of urea and creatinine |
|
Definition
| prerenal acute renal failure |
|
|
Term
| This results from conditions that damage or injure both kidneys decreasing glomular filtration |
|
Definition
| intrarenal acute renal failure |
|
|
Term
| this type of renal failure is caused by an obstruction to urine flow to both kidneys |
|
Definition
| postrenal acute renal failure |
|
|
Term
| What are two drugs used to treat hyperkalemaia |
|
Definition
| calcium chloride or sodium bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
| This problem can occur druing or right after dialysis in which an osmotic gradient causes brain and cerebral edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sever dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension, and resp distress |
|
|
Term
| What is the poison control center number |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of head injury will produce a immediate loss of consciousness, then a brief return and then rapid loss of consciousness again |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it a vibrations indicating closed wound with arterial injury |
|
|
Term
| What are signs of a arterial injury in a closed fx |
|
Definition
| pulsating mass, palpable thrill,absent or diminished distal pulse |
|
|
Term
| what is the major difference between a superficial partial-thickness burn and a deep partial thickness burn |
|
Definition
| deep partial thickness burns generally have decreased sensation to the burn because of the injury to the basal nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| What is considered the earliest signs of shock |
|
Definition
| increased rate of respiration |
|
|
Term
| What are early signs of shock |
|
Definition
| increased rate of respirations, narrowing pulse pressure, pallor, diaphoresis and restlessness and anxiety |
|
|
Term
| What is the hepatojugular reflex |
|
Definition
| is a sign of right sided heart failure in which you apply pressure to the liver and JVD occurs |
|
|
Term
| What is Kehr's sign and what does it represent |
|
Definition
| it is pain to the left shoulder that is observed in patients with splenic injury |
|
|
Term
| What is Electrical alternans and what does it represent |
|
Definition
| It happens when fluid fills the pericardial sac and forces the heart to oscillate with each beat. This changes the axis and makes the QRS to vary in size and height with each beat. |
|
|
Term
| What is the flow rate for KVO |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when should you give fluids at 20ml/kg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is when the heart is stimulated during the relative refractory period resulting in immediate cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
| what rhythms are most commotio cortis patients found in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the most common signs of a basal skull fx |
|
Definition
| mastoid bruising (battles sign) and cerebrospinal otorrhea (CSF leaking from the ears) |
|
|
Term
| CSF rhinorrhea suggest what type of fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are classic signs of brainstem herniation |
|
Definition
| Typicall Biots or ataxic respirations, posturing and pupillary abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| What type of burns should you never try to cool |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to manage the airway with a patient who has trismus because of a sever head injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of compression that can occour to an adult chest without injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the typical pattern of injury for adults who land on their feet |
|
Definition
| calcaneus, hips, lumbar spine |
|
|
Term
| Patient with a severe closed head injury has bilaterally dilated and nonreactive pupils. What does this indicate |
|
Definition
| Pressure on the oculomotor nerve- Cranial nerve III |
|
|
Term
| Following penetrating trauma to the abdomen, what abd organ would produce the most significant blood loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the technique for rapid extrication |
|
Definition
| manually stabilize the head, apply c-collar, rotate the patient onto the spine board and remove patient from vehicle |
|
|
Term
| when should you rapidly extricate someone from a vehicle |
|
Definition
| patients who are hemodyamically unstable |
|
|
Term
| A pt involved in trauma has signs of shock but no external signs of injury... What should you suspect is wrong |
|
Definition
| retroperitoneal hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| What are forms of obstructive shock |
|
Definition
| PE, Tension pneumo, and Pericardial tamponade |
|
|
Term
| What phase of a blast typically causes head spine and chest injuries to occour |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of a blast typically causes lacerations and impaled objects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of a blast typically causes a rupture of hollow organs and tympanic membranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the underlying cause of diaphoresis in shock patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of blood volume lost causes hypotension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is it considered an open book pelvis fx |
|
Definition
| it is caused by and anterior posterior compression in which the symphis pubis spreads apart. This makes the cavity bigger allowing for more bleeding to happen internally |
|
|
Term
| What type of deafness is often curable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of deafness if often incurable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of deafness is often the result of excessive ear wax build up or otitis media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When talking to a partially deaf pt, is it better to use a high or low voice |
|
Definition
| low because most forms of hearing loss is of high pitched tones |
|
|
Term
| With this speech disorder results from damage to nerve pathways passing from the brain to the muscles of the larynx, mouth, or lips |
|
Definition
| dysarthria or articulation disorder |
|
|
Term
| This speech disorder is marked by repetitions of single sounds or whole words by the blocking of speech |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 30% above ideal body weight |
|
|
Term
| Where does the spinal chord stop in the adult spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This spinal cord syndrome is characterized by greater motor impairment of the upper than lower extremities- paralysis of the arms and the preservation of sensory or voluntary motor function of the perineum, buttocks, scrotum, or anus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This spinal cord syndrome is characterized by decreased sensation of pain and temp below the level of lesion with intact light touch and position sensation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This spinal cord syndrome is characterized by pressure on half of the spinal cord results in weakness of the upper and lower extremities on the ipsilateral side and loss of pain and temp sensation on the contralateral side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another word for dislocation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is it better to have a flexion or extension spinal cord injury |
|
Definition
| flexion injuries are usually less stable |
|
|
Term
| Where would you expect to see injury from axial loading |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a temporary loss of all types of spinal cord function distal to the injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the S&S of neurogenic shock |
|
Definition
| hypotension warm dry and pink skin and relative bradycardia |
|
|
Term
| This type of spinal cord injury is common to see a BP of 300 mm Hg, pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of injury |
|
Definition
| autonomic hyperreflexia syndrome |
|
|
Term
| This syndrome can be relieved by emptying of the bladder or bowel |
|
Definition
| antonomic hyperreflexia syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Patients in neurogenic shock are hypotensive and bradycardic, why? |
|
Definition
| Because of the loss of sympathetic tone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is when 3 or more ribs are broken in 2 or more places |
|
|
Term
| This generally happens when a broken rib punctures a lung and air enters the pleural space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between an open pneumothorax and a tension pneumothorax |
|
Definition
| open and tension pneumo both have a hole in the chest. Unlike tension pneumo, open pneumo allow the air to escape. |
|
|
Term
| What is a tall tell sign of tension pneumo |
|
Definition
| the chest does not move with respiration |
|
|
Term
| Why do you needle decompress someone just above the third rib |
|
Definition
| this is to avoid the nerve, artery, and vein the lie just beneath each rib |
|
|
Term
| What are S&S of hemothorax |
|
Definition
| cyanosis, dyspnea, hypovolemic shock, narrowed pulse pressure |
|
|
Term
| This is often caused by rapid deceleration forces that rupture alveoli with hemorrhage and swelling of lung tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S of pulmonary contusion |
|
Definition
| hemoptysis- bleeding lung tissue causes coughing/ coughing up blood. Respiratory distress, dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| S&S of traumatic asphyxia |
|
Definition
| reddish purple discoloraton of the face and neck, jvd, swellig or hemorrhage of the conjuctiva |
|
|
Term
| What should the paramedic be ready to treat when the compressive force that casued traumatic asphyxia is released |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of becks triad |
|
Definition
| elevated venous pressure as noted by JVD, muffled heart tones and hypotension |
|
|
Term
| Besides becks triad, what other conditions are found with pericardial tamponade |
|
Definition
| pulsus paradoxus and electrical alternans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a systolic bp drop during inspiration of 10-15 mm Hg |
|
|
Term
| What is electrical alternans |
|
Definition
| refers to a change in the amplitude of a patients ECG waveform |
|
|
Term
| What side of the pt is most likely to have a diaphragmatic rupture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S of a diaphragmatic rupture |
|
Definition
| abd may have a hollow or empty appearance, abd pn, SOB, and decreased breath sounds |
|
|
Term
| What conditions may result from a full thickness myocardial injury |
|
Definition
| cardiac rupture, ventricular aneurysm or traumatic myocardial infarction |
|
|
Term
| Generally how many ml of blood does it take to cause a pericardial tamponade |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do patients with spleen injuries often complain of |
|
Definition
| kehr sign- pain in the left shoulder |
|
|
Term
| What organs are retroperitoneal |
|
Definition
| kidneys, ureters, pancreas, duodenum |
|
|
Term
| How many mL of blood can be lost from a femur fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many mL of blood can be lost from a plevic fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a partial tearing of a ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is inflammation of a small fluid filled sac that acts as a cushion at a pressure point near joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This usually results from prolonged kneeling on a hard surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is inflammation of a joint characterized by pain swelling, stiffness and redness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of arthritis is degenerative |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of arthritis results from wear and tear on joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of arthritis is thought to be autoimmune in nature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of arthritis results from acids that build up in joints to form crystals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulses, paralysis, and pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affected leg is shortened and externally rotated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shortened and internally rotated |
|
|
Term
| When should a traction splint be applied |
|
Definition
| after patient is on a spine board |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 limb threatening injuries |
|
Definition
| knee dislocation, fx or dislocation of the ankle, and subcondylar fx of the elbow |
|
|
Term
| what is an example of a fluency disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This birth defect results from a triplet of chromosomes 21. This results in retardation and a characteristic physical apperance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What IQ is profound retardation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This birth defect is a general term for non progressive disorders of movement and posture |
|
Definition
|
|
