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Defined by:
Amplitude
Frequency
Phase |
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Frequency: The rate at which a sine wave repeats itself (usually marked by Hertz)
Period: The time it takes a sine wave to complete one cycle. |
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| Frequency is 1 divided by time (in seconds). If it takes .2 seconds for a sine wave to complete, the frequency is 1/.2 or 5 (it completes five times in 1 second) |
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| Horizontal shift of a sine wave. Imagine 0 degrees, 90, 180, 270, and 360 on a horizontal graph. Just shift the wave along the horizontal graph to figure to a certain degree. The wave shape doesn't change. |
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The ratio of the length to the height of a sine wave is always the same. Represented by the sine function:
y=angle
r=ratio
y/r=sine of the angle |
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| Instantaneous Amplitude of a Sine Wave |
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Relationship between instantaneous amplitude, max amplitude, frequency, and phase is given by the following equation:
s(t)=A sin (2 pi f t + phase) |
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Physical length = the distance a wave travels in one period.
Usually 300,000,000 meters a second. |
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Frequency range
The range of frequencies that a signal occupies.
The greater the bandwidth, the higher the capacity. |
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| Telephone bandwidth is more narrow than what people can hear (which is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz) |
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Telephone bandwidth is more narrow than what people can hear (which is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz)
Telephone speech is 3,000 Hz |
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| General functions may be represented by sums of simpler trigonometric functions. |
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A circuit that controls and shapes the bandwidth.
High pass: passes only high frequencies
Low pass: passes only low frequencies
Bandpass: passes only baseband freq
Bandstop: passes everything but band freq |
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