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Signal Transduction 2
Tufts D17 Exam IV
29
Biochemistry
Professional
11/19/2013

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Term
Phospholipid called phophatidyl inositol4,5 bisphosphate (PiP2) reacts with phosholipace C to make what?
Definition
Inositol triphosphate 1,4,5 (IP3) which is analogous to camp and diachlglycerol. DAG.
Term
What two Kinases become activated?
Definition
Protein Kinase C and Ca2+ calmodulin activated kinase Cam kinase
Term
Where is the receptor for IP3?
Definition
endoplasmic reticulum
Term
Where is the protein for DAG?
Definition
Protein Kinase C is found in the membrane
Term
How does the calcium work?
Definition
It binds to calmodulin actives kinase
Term
What is the major regulator of protein kinase C?
Definition
DAG
Term
Protein Kinase C is folded in a way that it blocks its own active site making it inactive? How does it activate?
Definition
When you generate DAG in the membrane the seed domains change the structure of the protein and opens the active site.
Term
How does calmodulin work?
Definition
It needs to bind 4 calcium which binds to CAM kinase peptide. LOts of enzymes are activated by activated activated calmodulin
Term
Know that a hormone can work through more than one receptor. Why?
Definition
Can tap into multiple regulatory pathways.
Term
Tyrosine Kinases active on which molecule?
Definition
Tyrosine. The others do serine.
Term
What is an example of a tyrosine kinase receptor?
Definition
Insulin
Term
What do tyrosine receptors usually regulate?
Definition
Growth nd platelets. TKR are usually associated with insulin and cancer
Term
TKP function as Dimers
Definition
dimzerizaton, cross phosphorylation which generates docking sites for signaling molecules in the cytoplasm.
Term
SH2 domains
Definition
Is a protein that can bind to an activated tyrosine but binds in a different location.
Term
Sh2 Domains all recognize activated tyrosine proteins. How do they know which activated protein to bind to?
Definition
The SH2 domains bind only to phosphorylates tyrosine surrounded by specific amino acids.
Term
Proteins will have a domain to tell. It to acticate and?
Definition
To tell it where to go in the cell. Can be regulated by location.
Term
Example: how does Grb2
Definition
dimerize, cross phosphorylation, causes grb2 to recognize to the receptor and binds allowing Sos to bind thru Sh3 domain. soS has a GDP which is activated to GTP.
Term
Sh3 binds to proteins with?
Definition
a lot of proline
Term
What does Ras do?
Definition
Activates RAf kinase which activated MAPkinase. Regulates cell growth...cancer
Term
What are oncogenes and what is an example
Definition
A mutated gene that controls growth. Ras gene
Term
The proteins are constitutively activated. What is that
Definition
Normal cells ar forced to make them and tae on properties of tumor cell
Term
What is the biochemical defect?
Definition
Single amino acids prevent protein from hydrolyzing GTP to GDP.
Term
What disease are consitutively activated proteins similar to?
Definition
Cholera and GsA
Term
One amino acid ras change is responsible for which cancers
Definition
Pancreas, lung, colon, liver, skin. All but brain, breast, prostate, ovary.
Term
RAS must be turned off by what molecule?
Definition
NF1. If you can't turn off RAS you get schwannoma. Tumor suppressor gene. Loss of function causes cancer.
Term
Similarities between FTP and TKR
Definition
All involve GTp and activation of cytoplasmic kinase
Term
What are the differences between TKR and and G protein?
Definition
No second messenger for TKR. TRK functions to target molecules to the cell surface where they can function.
Term
How is there overlap between tyrosine Kinase and PLC
Definition
Some TKR can activate PLC
Term
secret test question
Definition
Know the difference between phospholipase C. what similar and what different between them to allow them to bind to different receptors. SLide 25
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