Term
| Main Steps of Signal Transduction |
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Definition
1.Primary Signal Arrives at cell
2.Receptor Recognizes signal
3.Receptor transmits signal into cell
4.cell components pass on signal by cascade
5. signal arrives at destination
6. cell responds to signal |
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Term
| 3 general principles of Signal transduction |
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Definition
cells respond selectively to signals
cells can amplify signals
cells can coordinate a large amount of signals |
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Term
| What dictates the response of the cell? |
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Definition
| The receptor not the signal |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme degrades receptor so that receptor can no longer trigger signalling cascade |
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Term
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Definition
| active receptor gets internalized and signal is degraded by lysosome before reincorporating recptor in membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Receptor is internalized with signal and completely degraded by lysosome |
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Term
| 2 types of intercellular signalling |
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Definition
-Direct physical contact
-Release of secreted molecules from sender cells to target cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct physical contact between cells that are adjacent to eachother |
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Term
| Surface protein/receptor interaction |
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Definition
| binding of membrane bound surface protein of sender cell to receptor of target cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytoplasm-to-cytoplasm exchange of intracellular ions or small molecules through tubular protein |
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Term
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Definition
| release of secreted molecules into bloodstream to find target cells expressing specific receptors |
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Term
| type of signal sent by endocrine cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Rang of signaling for endocrine cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Signals from endocrine cells are usually long lasting. Why? |
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Definition
| Production of signals can be turned off quickly but the signal is still circulating unless degraded or recepted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Release into ECF and go to neighboring target cells. Signals are degraded rapidly and have a short range |
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Term
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Definition
| Very rapid high concentration of signals for neuron-neuron or neuron to muscle. Short range with quick on/off response. |
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Term
| What is the extreme form of paracrine signaling? |
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Definition
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Term
| why is the receptor affinity for signals from synaptic signaling very low? |
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Definition
| because the cleft is very small and there is a high concentration of neurotransmitters that saturate the receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| release of secreted moelecules in the vicinit of cell's own surface. With a short range and quick on/off response. |
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Term
| What kind of signals would autocrine cells release? |
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Definition
| large proteins(growth factors cytokines) |
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Term
| The major extremes of signaling in regards to distance are... |
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Definition
| Endocrine(long distance) and synaptic(very short distance) |
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